Jeus, as far as I know, the only reason to eat LOTS of protein is as 'insurance'. Kinda like taking a multi-vitamin even though in theory you're getting enough vitamins from your diet. The vast majority of bodybuilders take in grossly more protein than they need. But protein can be converted to carbs or fat if the body is in short supply. The reverse is not true. Neither carbs nor fat can be converted to protein, so it is better to err on the side of too much protein.
Now here's some food for thought.....you only need around 200 grams of extra protein to add a pound of muscle. So an excess of a mere 25 grams per day above what you burn and excrete is theoretically enough to add a pound of muscle per week. However the body is not a perfect machine, and the balance, timing and absorption/deposition of protein is critical. If your a little short of even one minor amino acid, or if you eat a lot of fiber (which reduces protein absorption from the gut), or if all the aminos are not at the muscle cell at the exact moment everything else is anabolic, if vitamins/minerals are not optimal, etc.... then that protein will be used for other things, or excreted. You will find no hard science that will tell you exactly how much protein you need to eat each day. It will change from day to day, and person to person. The best thing you can do is eat enough and then a little extra!
I think the jury is still out on liver and kidney damage. Short and medium term studies support the safety of high protein diets, but if you eat like that for 80 years straight, well no one can say. The main cause of death in old cats (who are nearly perfect carnivores) is kidney failure, and that's after only 12-16 years on average. Now humans are not cats, but it's just something to consider.
Personally I eat high protein when I'm dieting (carbs are restricted) and moderate protein the rest of the time. I find it cheaper and more palatable to burn carbs and fat for my fuel, and leave the protein free for maintenance and muscle building.