Fort Bend County sheriff's deputies joined forces with federal agencies for Operation "Farmacia de Juicy Phruit."
Officials said 66 people were arrested in several states, including California, Georgia and Louisiana. The list of suspects included professional bodybuilders, gym owners, personal trainers and pharmacists. More were sought.
Fort Bend County Sheriff Milton Wright said the operation dates back 2 1/2 years, with most of it originating in Fort Bend County.
Detectives said the suspects distributed hundreds of thousands of dosage units of anabolic steroids, human growth hormones, Ecstasy and controlled pharmaceutical substances such as Viagra, Xanax and hydrocodone.
Officials said the operation was a danger to the community.
"Arrests today are no different than traditional drug dealers pedaling their poison like methamphetamine, cocaine and heroin on the street corner," said Zoran Yankovich, the DEA Special Agent in Charge.
"Steroids -- a lot of people don't think there's much danger in steroids, but there's a lot of broken family, broken homes -- people are hurt by the illegal use of steroids," Wright said.
Those arrested face either state or federal charges of manufacturing or distribution of narcotics.
A conviction on the federal charges could result in 10 years in prison.
The Fort Bend County Fairgrounds was used as a command post because of the massive size of the operation.
Officials did not release the street value of the narcotics seized.