Judo Tom. The question that you've asked and the way that you have worded it in relation to my post makes it very simply " non sequitur ". To use an analogy , you have handed me three wax crayons all of them one colour, blue for example. You are now pointing at the crayons and asking me, which one is the blue one? I'm not asleep at the wheel here. I only had to read three of your eight hundred ninety seven posts to see what you're up to. Now, lets read the Oxford dictionary. SPAR. to make the motions of " boxing " without landing heavy blows. Okay, for the sake of argument that the Oxford is too British lets read the American Heritage dictionary of the English language,fourth edition. SPAR. to make boxing or fighting motions without hitting one's opponent. to fight with an opponent in a short bout or ( practice bout ) as in boxing or martial arts. I interpret that as either light contact or no contact at all. So, what about this " practice session " ? PRACTICE. to do or perform habitually. to exercise oneself in or on , to instruct , to exercise , ( to drill ). To DRILL! That's interesting isn't it? This would suggest to me that these drills that we do that you have such disdain for are in fact what you call sparring. Do you understand non sequitur now? Personally I distinguish between spar and drill. DRILL. colloquialism. A recognized procedure. Military- instruction or training in military exercise. ( rigorous discipline ) or methodical instuction. impart by strict method. RIGOROUS DISCIPLINE. strict , ( severe ) , precise , stringent , inclement , ( harsh ). With us, severe and harsh enough to make body armour mandatory. Do we spar? Yes. When we practice the elements of boxing , the hook , jab , overhand , cross and uppercut we spar. How do we spar in boxing? We wear headgear , gloves , and mouthguards and we make contact. How do we go one hundred percent? Simple. We speed up the technique. In my post I said " when necessary , appropriate protective gear is used ". If this gear was not used when we " drill " our high impact techniques , severe injury or death would occur. I'm not talking about boxing. I also said " to be clear , Comhrac Bas is a combat survival discipline ". So, here's what Comhrac Bas is not. It is not self defense. It is not sport fighting. It is not a martial art. You cannot use martial arts or sport fighting as reference to ask questions of what is done in Comhrac Bas. It doesn't translate. I also said that this has urban and military applications. We drill combat. Who else drills combat? Delta Force. The Seals. The French Foreign Legion. Other elite units , and why do we drill combat? One hundred percent combat is killing. In your own words from one of your own posts " most aikido schools do not " spar " enough and rather just do drills in pre arranged motions ". I would put to you that you have equated drills with kata. Drills are not kata. KATA. a system of basic body positioning and movement exercises , as in karate or JUDO . Kata is done in martial arts. We don't do kata. It's not in our curriculum. You see , I don't care how many times you bastardize the English language to make yourself shine. You can't toss words around like you're throwing bread crumbs at pidgeons. Drill means drill. Spar means Spar. Form , Kata , Style , Fight , Combat , all have their own separate definitions and are not interchangable. The fact that this is commonly done does not make it correct. Fighting is what you do with somebody . Combat is what you do to somebody. Some people just don't get that! That's not my problem. I could elaborate on a lot of what I've said here. I have neither the time nor the inclination. I have no doubt that you have an agenda and that you will choose to be deliberately obtuse and repudiate what I've put here. I don't care. As far as I'm concerned I was finished with this thread when I posted K_O_S . I'm quite done with it now.