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In it, he explains why environmental factors lead to technological development, or lack thereof. He completely refutes the notion that genetic superiority has anything to do with why certain civilizations have done better than others.
To give a few teasers:
- the fertile crescent had more varieties of grain than any other region on earth, and the grain had larger seeds
- many regions completely lacked domesticable large animals. Africa, for instance, lacks such animals - Zebras' tempers are too fierce, as are Hippos'. Elephants can not be domesticated, only tamed. Etc.
- A region must be able to support a dense population for the societal developments that lead to technological developments. Some regions could not do this.
- a bunch more.
He gives many details and lots of evidence for all his points.