Tatyana said:
You don't get more muscle cells, you are more or less born with a set number and type of muscle cell (slow and fast twitch).
........... which is really all you can do with muscle, make it bigger or smaller, you don't get more muscle cells.
Tat - some recent writings have indicated hyperplasia (ie adding more muscle cells) MAY play more of a role in size gains then previously thought. Its a fact in animal skeletal muscles, its still controversial in humans.
I- Stretch position Overload
1) here the author (john lawson) references "animal studies". I know one of the studies he's talking about but cant find it - it showed something like a 300% size incvrease over the control in 30 days by hanging a weight on a stretched position muscle - similar to a strech position static hold.
JL: Well, hyperplasia is still a controversial topic, but animal-based research has shown that it occurred as a result of stretch overload. What’s interesting is that a lot of the biggest bodybuilders use what we call X Reps to get stretch overload. For example, Tom Platz, who had some of the freakiest legs ever, did a lot of partials in the stretch position of specific quad exercises. One of his favorite spots was near the bottom of a hack squat, pulsing at the end of a set of full-range reps till he couldn’t stand the burn. Could that stretch overload have caused fiber splitting in his quads, and could it explain why he got such mind-numbing development? It could be partly responsible. The same goes for Arnold Schwarzenegger and those heavy partial flyes he used to do for his chest. By only moving through the bottom of the stroke, he created stretch overload—slightly exaggerated X Reps on a stretch-position exercise.
http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cach...position+hyperplasia&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=2&gl=us
2) here's charles polliquin on the subject:
Interestingly enough, newer evidence from lab research indicates that exercises that overload the stretch position that contribute to hyperplasia, more than hypertrophy
http://www.charlespoliquin.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=884&Itemid=10029
3) in humans:
Scientists by the name Tesch and Larsson, in 1982 did a fine needle biopsy comparison of 3 groups of athletes: competitive bodybuilders, powerlifters, untrained individuals. Interesting enough the muscle fibers were found smaller in the competitive bodybuilders than in powerlifters and the same size as the untrained. The study was confirmed again when redone in 1986. If hyperplasia is not possible, then how can large bodybuilders have the same muscle fiber diameter as untrained individuals?
Another interesting study done by the American College of Sports Medicine’s Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise found it in powerlifters who use steroids.
http://www.bodybuildingweb.net/blog/does-hyperplasia-cause-growth-in-human-skeletal-muscles/
4) If I recall DC training author (Doggcrapp lol?) also subscribes to the stretch overload/hyperplasia theory and incorportaes applicable excercizes in his reccomended routines
II. Sattelite Cell activity and Creatine:
By Rea
Creatine And Muscle Hyperplasia
How many times have you heard some gym supplement expert say that the weight gained from creatine is just water? Well, researchers wrote an interesting paper concerning creatine called: Dangott, B. Schulz, E. Mozdziak, P.E. "Dietary Creatine Monohydrate supplementation increases satellite cell mitotic activity during compensatory hypertrophy" in International Journal of Sports Medicine 21:13-16,2000.
Satellite-cells are the "stem cells" of skeletal muscle which the body utilizes to produce or add new cells and fibers to existing cells. This means satellite-cells are used to:
Repair damaged muscle fibers from training
To add cells to existing fibers to make them larger
To form new muscle fibers through an action called muscle fiber hyperplasia.
These researchers cut off the soleus and gastrocnemius (calve) muscle on a bunch of rats, then split them into two groups.
One group received a creatine/glucose/water mixture and the other did not. Then they exercised the poor rodents in a manner that the plantaris leg muscles had to compensate for the missing calve muscles.
In both groups, the plantaris showed significant hypertrophy (growth). But the creatine/dextrose supplemental group showed much higher satellite-cell activity. In simple terms, the creatine appears to have increased hyperplasia and total muscle cell numbers.
2) There are a few studies on this, if you search on creatine and sattelite cells.
--
I look at it his way, both the stretch position excercizes and added creatine are low cost/risk high potential benefit -- so might as well !
and just from personal experiemce, I make some of my best gains using x-reps (partials/burns) at the stretch position by whatever the mechanism is.
-