I guess there's 2 aspects to sleep deprivation, avoiding catabolism and maintaining mental and physical performance.
1) catabolism - when you are sleep deprived, your body starts to interpret that as a "flight" scenario and cortisol levels shoot up. cortisol eats muscle. some helpful supp's:
-> glutamine and bcaa's - helps keep cortisol levels low and also the glut interferes with exiting cortisols muscle wasting effects
-> Vitamin C hi-dose- studies have demonstrated it can blunt the post-workout spike in cortisol, I imagine it would do the same under other triggers (lack of sleep)
-> phosphatidyl Serine (sp?) - same as above
2) performance -
-> Creatine - yes, creatine. studies have shown HUGE improvement in sleep-deprived memory and physical performance ( as well as strength) tests in college age and elderly subjects
-> tyrosine - an amino acid, tested successfully in sleep-deprived air force pilot simulator studies
-> panthotenic acid - supports adrenal function and aids stamina
also, in general supplement with a hi quality whey protein which will help immune function and support serotonin levels, both of which will be negatively impacted by sleep deprivation