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EPO acts as a signal for the bone marrow to increase the rate at which red blood cells are made and released into the circulation (this can be measured as the reticulocyte count). The increase in number of red blood cells leads to an increased oxygen supply to the tissues throughout the body. This oxygen rich blood then acts as a signal to the kidneys to stop producing EPO keeping the hematocrit within the normal range.
Synthetic EPO has been made by inserting the human gene responsible for EPO into a cell within a laboratory and then stimulating the cell to produce recombinant EPO (r-EPO). r-EPO was developed by pharmaceutical companies for treating patients with kidney failure, or those undergoing cancer chemotherapy. R-EPO assists these patients in raising their hematocrit and oxygen carrying capacity, ameliorating the symptoms of their chronic disease. Early clinical trials showed that r-EPO is capable of increasing the hematocrit (index of red blood cell level) by 3-4% over 3-4 weeks.
It is documented that the endurance process is improved in athletes with an increased red blood cell level, and thus an increased oxygen carrying capacity. This occurs whether the red blood cells are increased via transfusion, or artificially with r-EPO. Improvements in performance are greatest about 3 weeks after r-EPO injection.
Synthetic EPO has been made by inserting the human gene responsible for EPO into a cell within a laboratory and then stimulating the cell to produce recombinant EPO (r-EPO). r-EPO was developed by pharmaceutical companies for treating patients with kidney failure, or those undergoing cancer chemotherapy. R-EPO assists these patients in raising their hematocrit and oxygen carrying capacity, ameliorating the symptoms of their chronic disease. Early clinical trials showed that r-EPO is capable of increasing the hematocrit (index of red blood cell level) by 3-4% over 3-4 weeks.
It is documented that the endurance process is improved in athletes with an increased red blood cell level, and thus an increased oxygen carrying capacity. This occurs whether the red blood cells are increased via transfusion, or artificially with r-EPO. Improvements in performance are greatest about 3 weeks after r-EPO injection.