I was reading a book today and the author told a story about how for a long time every time the phone rang he immediately readied himself for the person on the other line to have a conflict/issue/annoying questions, etc. Eventually, he realized that he was not helping and was actually making matters worse. So he put the words "Pavlov" on his phone. Pavlov's dog was conditioned to associate the bell ring with food. Eventually, the author became conditioned to the phone ring being associated with proiblems and headaches.