can't remember where I got this, but it's not a bad read on this subject.
One of the most misunderstood subjects in the world of *******s is the ester--the mechanism by which injectable
esterified *******s like testosterone cypionate, testosterone enanthate, and Sustanon work. If you take a quick look
around the Internet you will probably find countless articles that consider one form of a ******* far more effective than
another. Arguments over the superiority of cypionate to enanthate, or Sustanon to all other testosterones are of course
very common. Such arguments are in all practicality, baseless. In this report we'll take an authoritative look at the ester
and what specifically it does to a *******.
WHAT AN ESTER IS, AND HOW IT WORKS
I'm sure that if you have taken an interest in anabolic *******s you have noticed the similarities on the labeling of many
drugs. Let's look at testosterone for example. One can find compounds like testosterone cypionate, enanthate,
propionate, heptylate; caproate,
phenylpropionate, isocaproate, decanoate, acetate, the list goes on and on. In all such cases the parent hormone is
testosterone, which had been modified by adding an ester (enanthate, propionate etc.) to its structure. The following
question arises: What is the
difference between the various esterified versions of testosterone in regards to their use in bodybuilding?
An ester is a chain composed primarily of carbon and hydrogen atoms. This chain is typically attached to the parent
******* hormone at the 17th carbon position (beta orientation), although some compounds do carry esters at position 3
(for the purposes of this article it is not crucial to understand the exact position of the ester). Esterification of an
injectable anabolic/androgenic ******* basically accomplishes one thing, it slows the release of the parent *******
from the site of injection. This happens because the ester will notably lower the water solubility of the *******, and
increase its lipid (fat) solubility. This will cause the drug to form a deposit in the muscle tissue, from which it will slowly
enter into circulation as it
is picked up in small quantities by the blood. Generally, the longer the ester chain, the lower the water solubility of the
compound, and the longer it will take to for the full dosage to reach general circulation.
Slowing the release of the parent ******* is a great benefit in ******* medicine, as free testosterone (or other
******* hormones) previously would remain active in the body for a very short period of time (typically hours). This
would necessitate an unpleasant
daily injection schedule if one wished to maintain a continuous elevation of testosterone
(the goal of testosterone replacement therapy). By adding an ester, the patient can visit the doctor as
infrequently as once per month for his injection, instead of having to constantly re-administer the drug to achieve a
therapeutic effect. Clearly without the use of an ester, therapy with an injectable anabolic/androgen would be much more
difficult.
Esterification temporarily deactivates the ******* molecule. With a chain blocking the 17th beta position, binding to the
androgen receptor is not possible (it can exert no activity in the body). In order for the compound to become active the
ester must therefore first be removed. This automatically occurs once the compound has filtered into blood circulation,
where esterase enzymes quickly cleave off (hydrolyze) the ester chain. This will restore the necessary hydroxyl (OH)
group at the 17th beta position, enabling the drug to attach to
the appropriate receptor. Now and only now will the ******* be able to have an effect on skeletal muscle tissue. You
can start to see why considering testosterone cypionate much more potent than enanthate makes little sense, as your
muscles are seeing only free testosterone no matter what ester was used to deploy it.
ACTIONS OF DIFFERENT ESTERS
There are many different esters that are used with anabolic/androgenic *******s, but again, they all do basically the
same thing. Esters vary only in their ability to reduce a *******'s water solubility. An ester like propionate for example
will slow the release of a ******* for a few days, while the duration will be weeks with a decanoate ester. Esters have
no effect on the tendency for the parent ******* to convert to estrogen or DHT (dihydrotestosterone: a more potent
metabolite) nor will it effect the overall muscle-building potency of the compound. Any differences in results and side
effects that may be noted by bodybuilders who have used various esterified versions of the same base ******* are just
issues of timing. Testosterone
enanthate causes estrogen related problems more readily than Sustanon, simply because with enanthate testosterone
levels will peak and trough much sooner (1-2 week release duration as opposed to 3 or 4). Likewise testosterone
suspension is the worst in regards to gyno and water bloat because blood hormone levels peak so quickly with this drug.
Instead of waiting weeks for testosterone levels to rise to their highest point, here we are at most looking at a couple of
days. Given an equal blood level of testosterone, there would be no difference in the rate of aromatization or DHT
conversion between different
esters. There is simply no mechanism for this to be possible.
There is however one way that we can say an ester does technically effect potency; it is calculated in the *******
weight. The heavier the ester chain, the greater is its percentage of the total weight. In the case of testosterone
enanthate for example, 250mg of esterified ******* (testosterone enanthate) is equal to only 180mg of free
testosterone. 70mgs out of each 250mg injection is the weight of the ester. If we wanted to be really picky, we could
consider enanthate slightly MORE potent than cypionate (I know this goes against
popular thinking) as its ester chain contains one less carbon atom (therefore taking up a slightly smaller percentage of
total weight). Propionate would of course come out on top of the three, releasing a measurable (but not significant)
amount more testosterone per
injection than cypionate or enanthate.
ESTER PROFILES
Sustanon: The "king" of testosterone blends.
The four different testosterone esters in this product certainly look appealing to the consumer, there is no denying that.
But for the athlete I think it is all just a matter of marketing (Hell, why buy one ester when you can get four?). In clinical
situations I can see some strong uses for it. If you were undergoing testosterone replacement therapy for example, you
would probably find Sustanon a much more comfortable option than testosterone enanthate. You would need to visit the
doctor less frequently for an injection, and blood levels should be more steadily maintained between treatments. But for
the bodybuilder who is injecting 4
ampules of Sustanon per week, there is no advantage over other testosterone products. In fact, the high
price tag for Sustanon usually makes it a very poor buy in the face of cheaper testosterone enanthate/cypionate.
Bodybuilders should probably stop looking at the four ester issue, and stick with totals (Sustanon is just a 250mg
testosterone ampule). Were enanthate to be available for say $10 per amp of 250mg, and Sustanon priced nearly double
that, buying
the Sustanon would be like throwing money away. If you could get nearly double the milligram amount for the same price
with enanthate, this is the better product to go with hands down. Leave the high priced stuff for the guys who don't
know any better.
IN CONCLUSION
While the advent of esters certainly constitutes an invaluable advance in the field of anabolic ******* medicine, clearly
you can see that there is no magic involved here. Esters work in a well-understood and predictable manner, and do not
alter the activity of
the parent ******* in any way other than to delay its release. Although the lure surrounding various *******
products like testosterone cypionate, Sustanon, Omnadren etc. certainly makes for interesting conversation, realistically it
just amounts to misinformation that the athlete would be better off ignoring. Testosterone is testosterone and anyone
who is going to tell you one ester form of this (or any) hormone is much better than another one should do a little more
research, and a lot less talking.
Acetate: Chemical Structure C2H4O2.
Also referred to as Acetic Acid; Ethylic acid; Vinegar acid; vinegar; Methanecarboxylic acid. Acetate esters delay the
release of a ******* for only a couple of days. Contrary to what you may have read, acetate esters do not increase the
tendency for fat removal. Again, there is no known mechanism for it to do so. This ester is used on oralprimobolan tablets
(metenolone acetate), Finaplix (trenbolone acetate) implant pellets, and occasionally testosterone.
Propionate: Chemical Structure C3H6O2.
Also referred to as Carboxyethane; hydroacrylic acid; Methylacetic acid; Ethylformic acid; Ethanecarboxylic acid;
metacetonic acid; pseudoacetic acid; Propionic Acid.
Propionate esters will slow the release of a ******* for several days. To keep blood levels from fluctuating greatly,
propionate compounds are usually injected two to three times weekly. Testosterone propionate and methandriol
dipropionate (two separate
propionate esters attached to the parent ******* methandriol) are popular items.
Phenylpropionate: Chemical Structure C9H10O2.
Also referred to as Propionic Acid Phenyl Ester. Phenylpropionate will extend the release of active ******* a few days
longer than propionate. To keep blood levels even, injections are given at least twice weekly. Durabolin is the drug most
commonly seen
with a phenylpropionate ester (nandrolone phenylpropionate), although it is also used
with testosterone in Sustanon and Omnadren.
Isocarpoate: Chemical Structure C6H12O2.
Also referred to as Isocaproic Acid; isohexanoate; 4-methylvaleric acid. Isocaproate begins to near enanthate in terms of
release. The duration is still shorter, with a notable hormone level being sustained for approximately one week. This
ester is used with testosterone in the blended products Sustanon and Omnadren.
Caproate: Chemical Structure C6H12O2.
Also referred to as Hexanoic acid; hexanoate; n-Caproic Acid; n-Hexoic acid; butylacetic acid; pentiformic acid;
pentylformic acid; n-hexylic acid; 1-pentanecarboxylic acid;hexoic acid; 1-hexanoic acid; Hexylic acid; Caproic acid. This
ester is identical to isocarpoate in terms
of atom count and weight, but is laid out slightly different (Isocaproate has a split configuration, difficult to explain here
but easy to see on paper). Release duration would be very similar to isocaproate (levels sustained for approximately one
weak), perhaps coming slightly closer to enanthate due to its straight chain. Caproate is the slowest releasing ester used
in
Omnadren, which is why most athletes notice more water retention with this compound.
Enanthate: Chemical Structure C7H14O2.
Also referred to as heptanoic acid; enanthic acid; enanthylic acid; heptylic acid; heptoic acid; Oenanthylic acid; Oenanthic
acid. Enanthate is one of the most prominent esters used in ******* manufacture (most commonly seen with
testosterone but is also used
in other compounds like Primobolan Depot). Enanthate will release a steady (yet fluctuating as all esters are) level of
hormone for approximately 10-14 days. Although in medicine enanthate compounds are often injected on a bi-weekly or
monthly basis, athletes will inject at least weekly to help maintain a uniform blood level.
Cypionate: Chemical Structure C8H14O2.
Also referred to as Cyclopentylpropionic acid, cyclopentylpropionate. Cypionate is a very popular ester here in the U.S.,
although it is scarcely found outside this region. Its release duration is almost identical to enanthate (10-14 days), and
the two are likewise
thought to be interchangeable in U.S. medicine. Althletes commonly hold the belief than cypionate is more powerful than
enanthate, although realistically there is little difference between the two. The enanthate ester is in fact slightly smaller
than cypionate, and it therefore releases a small (perhaps a few milligrams) amount of ******* more in comparison.
Decanoate: Chemical Structure C10H20O2.
Also referred to as decanoic acid; capric acid; caprinic acid; decylic acid, Nonanecarboxylic acid. The Decanoate ester is
most commonly used with the hormone nandrolone (as in Deca-Durabolin) and is found in virtually all corners of the
world. Testosterone decanoate is also the longest acting constituent in Sustanon, greatly extending its release duration.
The
release time with Decanoate compounds is listed to be as long as one month, although most recently we are finding that
levels seem to drop significantly after two weeks. To keep blood levels more uniform, athletes (as they have always
known to do) will follow a weekly injection schedule.
Undecylenate: Chemical Structure C11H20O2.
Also referred to as Undecylenic acid; Hendecenoic acid; Undecenoic acid. This ester is very similar to decanoate,
containing only one carbon atom more. Its release duration is likewise very similar (approximately 2-3 weeks), perhaps
extending a day or so past that
seen with decanoate. Undecylenate seems to be exclusive to the veterinary preparation Equipoise
(boldenone undecylenate), although there is no reason it would not work well in human-use preparations (Equipoise
certainly works fine for athletes). Again, weekly injections are most common.
Undecanoate: Chemical Structure C11H22O2.
Also referred to as Undecanoic Acid; 1-Decanecarboxylic acid; Hendecanoic acid;Undecylic acid. Undecanoate is not a
commonly found ester, and only appears to be used in the nandrolone preparation Dynabolan, and oral testosterone
undecanoate (Andriol). Since this ester is chemically very similar to undecylenate (it is only 2 hydrogen atoms larger), it
has a similar release duration (approximately 2-3 weeks). Although this ester is used in the oral preparation Andriol,
there is no reason to believe it carries any properties unique of other
esters. Andriol in fact works very poorly at delivering testosterone, bolstering the idea that oral administration is not the
idea use of esterified androgens.
Laurate: Chemical structure C12H24O2.
Also referred to as Dodecanoic acid, laurostearic acid, duodecyclic acid, 1-undecanecarboxylic acid, and dodecoic acid.
Laurate is the longest releasing ester
used in commercial ******* production, although longer acting esters do exist. Its release duration would be closer to
one month than the other esters listed above, although realistically we are probably to
expect a notable drop in hormone level after the third week. Laurate is exclusively found in the veterinary nandrolone
preparation Laurabolin, perhaps seen as slightly advantageous over a decanoate ester due to a less frequent injection
schedule. Again athletes will most commonly inject this drug weekly, no doubt in part due to its low strength (25mg/ml or
50mg/ml).