SAMe
Bulldog_10 said:
What SAMe? I've heard of it before, but wouldn't know where to look for it. Thanks alot machine, this is a big problem for her...and it causes problems for me...and she said it's been acting up recently...so I'd like to get this cleared up asap.
You've been a huge help bro...I'll hit ya with some more karma when i can.
SAMe is an important biological agent in the human body, participating in over 40 essential biochemical reactions. SAMe participates in detoxification reactions and in the manufacture of brain chemicals, antioxidants, joint tissue structures, and many other important components.1 2
SAMe appears to raise levels of dopamine, an important neurotransmitter in mood regulation,3 and higher SAMe levels in the brain are associated with successful drug treatment of depression.4 Oral SAMe has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for depression in some,5 6 7 8 though not all,9 double-blind studies. While it does not seem to be as powerful as full amounts of antidepressant medications10 or St. John’s wort, its effects are felt more rapidly, often within one week.11
SAMe possesses anti-inflammatory, pain-relieving, and tissue-healing properties that may help protect the health of joints.12 13 Several double-blind studies have shown that SAMe is useful for people with osteoarthritis, reducing pain, stiffness, and swelling better than placebos and equal to drugs such as ibuprofen and naproxen.14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Intravenous SAMe given to fibromyalgia patients reduced pain and depression in two double-blind studies,22 23 but in a short (ten-day) trial no benefit was seen.24 Oral SAMe was tested in one double-blind study and significant beneficial effects were noticed, such as reduced pain, fatigue, and stiffness, and improved mood.25
Oral and intravenous treatment with SAMe replenishes important substances in damaged livers and improves the flow of bile.26 27 Preliminary research has indicated that SAMe may be helpful in a variety of liver conditions, including cholestasis, Gilbert’s syndrome, alcoholic liver injury, and cirrhosis.28 29 30 In alcoholic cirrhosis, damage to the liver prevents the natural formation of SAMe from the amino acid methionine. In a double-blind trial, people with cirrhosis of the liver due to alcoholism who took SAMe for two years had a 47% lower rate of death or need for liver transplantation, compared with those who received a placebo.31 However, the improvement did not quite achieve statistical significance. In people with less severe cirrhosis, the results were more impressive and were also statistically significant.
Preliminary research also suggests oral SAMe may increase sperm activity in infertile men32 and may be helpful in the treatment of migraine headaches.33 One double-blind study found injections of SAMe significantly more helpful than placebo injections for reducing the symptoms of post-concussion syndrome.34
Where is it found? SAMe is not abundant in the diet, though its precursor, the amino acid, methionine, is plentiful in many protein foods. It is not known whether increasing one’s intake of methionine will increase the body’s production of SAMe. Supplements of SAMe have been available in the U.S. since 1997.
Who is likely to be deficient? SAMe is normally produced in the liver from the amino acid, methionine, which is abundant in most diets. Folic acid and vitamin B12 are necessary for the synthesis of SAMe, and deficiencies of these vitamins results in low concentrations of SAMe in the central nervous system.35 Low blood or central nervous system levels of SAMe have been detected in people with cirrhosis of the liver,36 coronary heart disease,37 Alzheimer’s disease, and depression.38
How much is usually taken? Healthy people do not need to take this supplement. Researchers working with people suffering from a variety of conditions have been using these amounts of SAMe: depression, 1,600 mg per day; osteoarthritis, 800–1,200 mg per day; fibromyalgia, 800 mg per day; liver disorders, 1,200 mg per day; and migraine, 800 mg per day.
Are there any side effects or interactions? Clinical trials in thousands of people for up to two years have demonstrated that SAMe is very well tolerated, much better than the medications with which it has often been compared.39 40 Occasional gastrointestinal upset may be experienced by some people. Researchers treating people with bipolar disorder (manic depression) have reported that SAMe could cause them to switch from depression to a manic episode.41 42
Use of SAMe may be detrimental to people with Parkinson’s disease. Animal studies indicate that excessive methylation (methylation is one of the biochemical reactions promoted by SAMe) is associated with Parkinson’s disease43 and SAMe has caused Parkinson’s disease-like effects in animal studies.44 Both animal and human studies indicate that increased methylation can cause the depletion of dopamine and block the effects of L-dopa45 46 47 —changes that in theory should exacerbate symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Preliminary evidence indicates that SAMe may improve the emotional depression and the impaired mental function that is often associated with Parkinson’s disease.48 Nonetheless, many healthcare professionals recommend that patients with Parkinson’s disease avoid supplementing with SAMe until more is known.
Are there any drug interactions? Certain medications may interact with SAMe. Refer to the drug interactions safety check for a list of those medications.
References:
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29. Frezza M, Surrenti C, Manzillo G, et al. Oral S-adenosyl-methionine in the symptomatic treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Gastroenterology 1990;99:211–5.
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31. Mato JM, Cámara J, Fernández J, et al. S-adenosylmethionine in alcoholic liver cirrhosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial. J Hepatol 1999;30:1081–9.
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37. Loehrer FM, Angst CP, Haefeli WE, et al. Low whole-blood S-adenosylmethionine and correlation between 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and homocysteine in coronary artery disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1996;16:727–33.
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39. Bressa GM. S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAMe) as antidepressant: meta-analysis of clinical studies. Acta Neurol Scand 1994;154(suppl):7–14.
40. Di Padova C. S-adenosyl-methionine in the treatment of osteoarthritis: review of the clinical studies. Am J Med 1987;83(suppl 5A):60–4.
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43. Charlton CG, Mack J. Substantia nigra degeneration and tyrosine hydroxylase depletion caused by excess S-adenosylmethionine in the rat brain. Support for an excess methylation hypothesis for parkinsonism. Mol Neurobiol 1994;9:149–61.
44. Crowell BG Jr, Benson R, Shockley D, Charlton CG. S-adenosyl-L-methionine decreases motor activity in the rat: similarity to Parkinson’s disease-like symptoms. Behav Neural Biol 1993;59:186–93.
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46. Cheng H, Gomes-Trolin C, Aquilonius SM, et al. Levels of L-methionine S-adenosyltransferase activity in erythrocytes and concentrations of S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine in whole blood of patients with Parkinson’s disease. Exp Neurol 1997;145:580–5.
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48. Bottiglieri T, Hyland K, Reynolds EH. The clinical potential of ademetionine (S-adenosylmethionine) in neurological disorders. Drugs 1994;48:137–52 [review].