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bani-malik
Banned
when Abu Baker was khalif
According to some scholars, during the life of Muhammad parts of the Qur'an, though written, were scattered amongst his companions, much of it as private possession. After Muhammad's death, Abu Bakr initially exercised a policy of laissez faire as well. This policy was reversed after the Battle of Yamama in 633. During the battle, 700 Muslims who had memorized the Qur'an were killed. The death of Sālim, however, was most significant, as he was one of the very few who had been entrusted by Muhammad to teach the Qur'an. Consequently, upon Umar's insistence, Abu Bakr ordered the collection of the hitherto scattered pieces of the Qur'an into one copy.
when Uthman ibn Affan became khalif the Caliphate was expanding bringing in more Arabic accents from other regions
By the time of the caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan, there was a perceived need for the clarification of the reading of the Qur'an. The Caliphate had grown considerably, expanding into Iraq, Syria, Egypt, and Iran, bringing into Islam's fold many new converts from various cultures with varying degrees of isolation.[24] These converts spoke a variety of languages but were not well learned in Arabic, and so Uthman felt it was important to standardize the written text of the Qur'an into one specific Arabic dialect. Another reason for compiling the Qur'an was that many of the Muslim Huffadh (those Muslims who had memorised the Qur'an in its entirety) were dying, especially in battle.
According to the dominant version narrated by Sahih al-Bukhari, the reason for the final collection of the Qur'an was a dispute between Muslim forces from Iraq and Syria over the correct way of reciting it during communal prayers while on an expedition to Armenia and Azerbaijan.[3]
It is believed that the general Ḥud̲h̲ayfa b. al-Yaman reported this problem to the caliph and asked him to establish a unified text. According to the history of al-Tabari, during the expedition there were 10,000 Kufan warriors, 6,000 in Azerbaijan and 4,000 at Rayy.[25] If there was disagreement amongst such a vast number of soldiers on the correct way of reciting the Qur'an, it is understandable why Ḥud̲h̲ayfa b. al-Yaman pushed for a unified text. An example of the confusion at this time is seen during a campaign in Tabaristan, where one of the soldiers asked, Ḥud̲h̲ayfa “How did the Messenger of God pray?” Ḥud̲h̲ayfa told him the soldier prayed before fighting.[26]
It is believed upon Ḥud̲h̲ayfa’s request ʿUt̲h̲mān obtained the sheets of the Qur'an from Ḥafṣa (prophet Mohammeds SAWs wife) and appointed a commission consisting of Zayd b. T̲h̲ābit and three prominent Meccans, and instructed them to copy the sheets into several volumes based on the dialect of Qurays̲h̲, the main tribe of Mecca.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Quran
According to some scholars, during the life of Muhammad parts of the Qur'an, though written, were scattered amongst his companions, much of it as private possession. After Muhammad's death, Abu Bakr initially exercised a policy of laissez faire as well. This policy was reversed after the Battle of Yamama in 633. During the battle, 700 Muslims who had memorized the Qur'an were killed. The death of Sālim, however, was most significant, as he was one of the very few who had been entrusted by Muhammad to teach the Qur'an. Consequently, upon Umar's insistence, Abu Bakr ordered the collection of the hitherto scattered pieces of the Qur'an into one copy.
when Uthman ibn Affan became khalif the Caliphate was expanding bringing in more Arabic accents from other regions
By the time of the caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan, there was a perceived need for the clarification of the reading of the Qur'an. The Caliphate had grown considerably, expanding into Iraq, Syria, Egypt, and Iran, bringing into Islam's fold many new converts from various cultures with varying degrees of isolation.[24] These converts spoke a variety of languages but were not well learned in Arabic, and so Uthman felt it was important to standardize the written text of the Qur'an into one specific Arabic dialect. Another reason for compiling the Qur'an was that many of the Muslim Huffadh (those Muslims who had memorised the Qur'an in its entirety) were dying, especially in battle.
According to the dominant version narrated by Sahih al-Bukhari, the reason for the final collection of the Qur'an was a dispute between Muslim forces from Iraq and Syria over the correct way of reciting it during communal prayers while on an expedition to Armenia and Azerbaijan.[3]
It is believed that the general Ḥud̲h̲ayfa b. al-Yaman reported this problem to the caliph and asked him to establish a unified text. According to the history of al-Tabari, during the expedition there were 10,000 Kufan warriors, 6,000 in Azerbaijan and 4,000 at Rayy.[25] If there was disagreement amongst such a vast number of soldiers on the correct way of reciting the Qur'an, it is understandable why Ḥud̲h̲ayfa b. al-Yaman pushed for a unified text. An example of the confusion at this time is seen during a campaign in Tabaristan, where one of the soldiers asked, Ḥud̲h̲ayfa “How did the Messenger of God pray?” Ḥud̲h̲ayfa told him the soldier prayed before fighting.[26]
It is believed upon Ḥud̲h̲ayfa’s request ʿUt̲h̲mān obtained the sheets of the Qur'an from Ḥafṣa (prophet Mohammeds SAWs wife) and appointed a commission consisting of Zayd b. T̲h̲ābit and three prominent Meccans, and instructed them to copy the sheets into several volumes based on the dialect of Qurays̲h̲, the main tribe of Mecca.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Quran
