Blondey, Sassy (as usual) almost right on target!!!!
It's a bit late for me so I'll get back to this tomorrow, but
any type of DYSPLASIA requires colposcopy, which is where we look
at the cervix with a telescope/microscope and use vinegar to highlite
the abnormal cells on the cervix (cells containing HPV DNA will turn
white). There are other things we look for in colposcopy but the specifics
are not important here. The results of the biopsies/colposcopy (which should not be
horribly painful) tell us whether we need to treat or just follow closely. Pap results
are seldom False Positive, it's just that many mild abnormalities (1 in 3) will
regress with time and therefore do not require aggressive treatment.
Some facts:
1. About 1 in 3 people carry HPV - Human Papilloma Virus
2. It is usually asymptomatic (no signs, unlike herpes or other STD's).
3. There are some 60+ types of HPV, of which only 3 are known to be highly
aggresive (progress quickly) in causing cervical cancer.
4. Average progression from Low grade to cancer (if it does progress) is 3-7 YEARS
5. False negative results are about 1 in 10 (this means the pap is read as negative
when in reality it is abnormal). This is the reason behind the recommedation that
pap's be performed annually, and more frequently in patients with abnormal or recently
treated pap's.
6. False positive (low grade, high grade, cancer) results are rare... the pathologist must see
an abnormal cell in order to call it abnormal, therefore it really must be present.
7. Some abnormalities, such as Metaplasia, inflammation, ASCUS do not neccessarily
represent precancer.
8. With close follow-up and treatment, cervical cancer is almost universally preventable
regardless of virus type.
9. HPV's which predispose to cervical cancer have not been shown to have ANY
EFFECT on the male, other than that partners of men with previous partners with advanced
cervical disease seem to get dysplasia more frequently (duh?)
10. Although STD testing is important, because of its ubiquitous nature, having HPV or
an abnormal pap DOES NOT MEAN that your partner "gave it" to you.
11. Multiple HPV's can be passed at once, so although the one that causes warts (22) does
not cause cancer, it may be a sign that another, more aggresive type has been transmitted.
Also, HPV is more likely to be transmitted in the presence of other STD's (people with STD's
tend to have multiple infections, for example, Chlamydia AND Gonorrhea because of
their sexual promiscuity or their choice of partners).
Major Risk factors for cervical cancer:
1. Young age at first intercourse
2. Young age at first childbearing
3. Multiple sexual Partners
4. Multiple STD's
5. HIV infection
6. SMOKING
hope this educates and helps,

thebabydoc