The major functions of the kidneys are to regulate the volume and composition of the fluids and electrolytes in the body. They help in the supply of nutrients to the cells of the body and in clearing cellular waste as well as providing stable conditions for the cells to function. The substances regulated by the kidneys include water, sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphate in the fluids (extracellular fluids) surrounding the various cells. In addition the kidneys regulate the acid-base balance which is important in maintaining cell structure, permeability, and metabolic activity. Further, the kidneys produce hormones that influence numerous physiological processes. Because of their involvement in all these important bodily processes, alcohol, has the potential to influence and/or compromise these functions of the kidneys and thus has the potential to induce severe consequences for the functioning of the organism.
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