Zander1983
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Marken Lichtenbelt, WD v, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, and Van Hoydonk P. Individual variation in the relation between body temperaure and energy expenditure in response to elevated ambient temperature. Physiol Behav 73: 235-242, 2001
Abstract:
The question we address here is whether a mild increase in environmental temperature affects body temperature and energy expenditure, focusing on the individual variation in the relation between energy expenditure and body temperature. We studied eight normal weight healthy females, 48 h at an ambient temperature of 22 degreesC, and 48 h at 27 degreesC. Energy expenditure GEE) was measured in a respiration chamber. Subjects' skin temperature was measured continuously from 8:00 a.m. until 12:00 p.m.: forehead, infraclavicular zone, thigh, hand, and foot. Core temperature was determined tympanically. Body composition was determined by under water weighing. Exposure to 27 degreesC caused a significant increase in body temperature (both skin and core), a decrease in temperature gradients, and a decrease in energy expenditure. At 27 degreesC 24 h EE, adjusted for body composition, was significantly related to body tympanic temperature. The decrease in 24 h EE, at 270C ambient temperature, was significantly negatively related to the increase in T-tym, indicating individual responses in adaptation to elevated ambient temperature. Changes in temperature gradient (comparing 27 degreesC with 22 degreesC) were negatively related to changes in EE. This shows that individuals differ in their response to an increase in environmental temperature regarding the relative contribution of insulative or metabolic adjustments. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.