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An anabolic steroid is a lipophilic messenger. It freely passes into and out of cells. It does not need a receptor to pull it into cells. The AR is located on the inside the cell.
After binding the receptor, the complex is translocated into the nucleus. That's where the DNA is. The nucleus is like the library of congress of the cell. IT contains all the instructions for everything that the cell is comprised of. This information is located in the books of the library of congress. THe books are genes or portions of DNA. You can't take the books out side the library but you can make copies of some of the pages in the books. THese temporary copies are RNAs.
TRANSCRIPTION
The hormone/receptor complex goes to a certain book and copies out it's pages to RNAs.
THe steroid/receptor has done it's job... With steroids that have high affinity for the AR, it may make several copies of the book before it leaves. ONce the complex is done, the steroid is released from the receptor. The receptor is sent out of the nucleus to bind another steroid. The steroid flows into and out of the nucleus (or out of the cell and into another one) freely. Where as the receptor can only go inside the nucleus when it has a steroid bound to it and can never leave the cell.
TRANSLATION aka "protein synthesis"
Continuing, these copies (RNAs) made from the books (DNA or genes) are long, linear chains. THe RNA finds it's way to a ribosome in the cytosol of the cell. The different links on the chain coorispond to particular amino acids. THe ribosome reads these links and attaches the amino acids that they call for. Once the chain has been read and the protein assembled, it leaves the ribosome.
From there, the protein is folded. It has a job to do. All proteins have a structure, function and they all bind something. There are many different kinds of proteins made from the pages that were copied by the steroid/AR. Not all proteins that are made are "muscle proteins." Some proteins that are made have the job of going into the nucleus and making different copies of different books for even MORE proteins. Other proteins that are made can include metabolic proteins. SOme can be other receptors.
T3 works just like a steroid. It goes into the cell, binds a cytosolic receptor, the complex enters the nucleus and copies pages from books. I might add that both hormone-receptor complexes cause different proteins to be made in different types of cells. Each cell has an ability to fold up it's DNA so that only so many books are available to be copied. That's why our feet don't grow eyeballs.
Anyway, the pages that the t3/receptor caused to be copied are read and their coorisponding proteins are made by ribosomes (protein synthesis). THese proteins also have jobs. Some are catabolic or metabolic proteins and their jobs may be to help in the metabolism of nutrients. Many, many other proteins with other functions are made as a result of T3.
So phrase "protein synthesis" is an extremely general term.
Many of these steps are dependant on cell energy. In other words, the steps are slowed or haulted if the energy needs of the cell are not met. In extreme cases of low cell energy, some of these steps cannot be completed at all.
So as you can see, the steroid /thyroid hormone is just the ball that knocks over the first domino in a long chain reaction of effects that at the end result in muscle growth (in the case of AAS) or catabolism (among other things) in the case of t3.
Andy
After binding the receptor, the complex is translocated into the nucleus. That's where the DNA is. The nucleus is like the library of congress of the cell. IT contains all the instructions for everything that the cell is comprised of. This information is located in the books of the library of congress. THe books are genes or portions of DNA. You can't take the books out side the library but you can make copies of some of the pages in the books. THese temporary copies are RNAs.
TRANSCRIPTION
The hormone/receptor complex goes to a certain book and copies out it's pages to RNAs.
THe steroid/receptor has done it's job... With steroids that have high affinity for the AR, it may make several copies of the book before it leaves. ONce the complex is done, the steroid is released from the receptor. The receptor is sent out of the nucleus to bind another steroid. The steroid flows into and out of the nucleus (or out of the cell and into another one) freely. Where as the receptor can only go inside the nucleus when it has a steroid bound to it and can never leave the cell.
TRANSLATION aka "protein synthesis"
Continuing, these copies (RNAs) made from the books (DNA or genes) are long, linear chains. THe RNA finds it's way to a ribosome in the cytosol of the cell. The different links on the chain coorispond to particular amino acids. THe ribosome reads these links and attaches the amino acids that they call for. Once the chain has been read and the protein assembled, it leaves the ribosome.
From there, the protein is folded. It has a job to do. All proteins have a structure, function and they all bind something. There are many different kinds of proteins made from the pages that were copied by the steroid/AR. Not all proteins that are made are "muscle proteins." Some proteins that are made have the job of going into the nucleus and making different copies of different books for even MORE proteins. Other proteins that are made can include metabolic proteins. SOme can be other receptors.
T3 works just like a steroid. It goes into the cell, binds a cytosolic receptor, the complex enters the nucleus and copies pages from books. I might add that both hormone-receptor complexes cause different proteins to be made in different types of cells. Each cell has an ability to fold up it's DNA so that only so many books are available to be copied. That's why our feet don't grow eyeballs.
Anyway, the pages that the t3/receptor caused to be copied are read and their coorisponding proteins are made by ribosomes (protein synthesis). THese proteins also have jobs. Some are catabolic or metabolic proteins and their jobs may be to help in the metabolism of nutrients. Many, many other proteins with other functions are made as a result of T3.
So phrase "protein synthesis" is an extremely general term.
Many of these steps are dependant on cell energy. In other words, the steps are slowed or haulted if the energy needs of the cell are not met. In extreme cases of low cell energy, some of these steps cannot be completed at all.
So as you can see, the steroid /thyroid hormone is just the ball that knocks over the first domino in a long chain reaction of effects that at the end result in muscle growth (in the case of AAS) or catabolism (among other things) in the case of t3.
Andy
