"Augmentin is amoxicillin + clavulanate - something to make the amoxicillin more effective against certain kinds of bacteria"
Bacteria that produce beta-lactamase are pretty much resistant to the penicillins, because beta-lactamase is secreted and degrades nearby penicillin compounds.
Clavulanic acid has a chemical configuration similar to penicillins, and acts as a competitive inhibitor to beta-lactamase. The beta-lactamase enzymes are bound up by clavulanic acid allowing amoxicillin to do its work.
The only thing I can think of in terms of antibiotics affecting steroids is alterations in the entero-hepatic cycle. Steroids are deactivated in the liver by the addition of different chemical groups, such as glucuronic acid, which makes the steroid more water soluble, and bile salts, which are passed into the intestines for excretion in the feces. In the intestines, some of these chemical groups are removed by bacteria, allowing for the reabsorption of the steroid back into the body.
By altering the intestinal flora with antibiotics, there is usually a reduction in this entero-hepatic recycling. This is the reason why women can get pregnant, even on birth-control, when they use antibiotics.
How this would affect someone using supra-physiological levels of steroids, is questionable. Most likely the amounts that bodybuilders use would overwhelm this problem and never be noticed.