People who have a genetic predisposition to diseases like parkinson's, alzheimer's and huntington's disease tend to fuck up that reduction of molecular oxygen to water a bit more often that others. These people should re-think DNP use.
Andy13 said:WHAT? Did you think I was fonz there for a second?
Andy13 said:NO antioxidant can enter the mitochondria inner membrane. It's impermeable to everything but O2 water and CO2. And free radical formed inside the mitochondria runs wild inside changing everything from the membrane to the mitochondrial DNA.
Andy
serge said:BTW, i tried your DNP front loading this weekend, did 1000mg on fri, 700mg of sat, 700mg on sun. kicked in much sooner this time, by fri night was running out of breath. also on the last cycle i ate anything i wanted in large quantities, ran the cycle for 4 days and lost about 4lb of fat. DID NOT DIET AT ALL.
macrophage69alpha said:
while ALA is not present within the mitochondria- glutathione, which is "restored" by ALA, is..
peace
Andy13 said:I'll tell you in six months.
macrophage69alpha said:
while ALA is not present within the mitochondria- glutathione, which is "restored" by ALA, is..
peace
Scatback55 said:Sure DNP doesn't cause cancer it just cooks you from the inside out. Anyone get the latest Mag of MD (muscular Development). The have a nice article on this posion. Also mentioning that a college kid died from using it after it cooked his internal organs.
Scatback55 said:Sure DNP doesn't cause cancer it just cooks you from the inside out. Anyone get the latest Mag of MD (muscular Development). The have a nice article on this posion. Also mentioning that a college kid died from using it after it cooked his internal organs.
Dissociation of 5' AMP-activated protein kinase activation and glucose uptake stimulation by mitochondrial uncoupling and hyperosmolar stress: differential sensitivities to intracellular Ca2+ and protein kinase C inhibition.
Patel N, Khayat ZA, Ruderman NB, Klip A.
Programme in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.
2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) compromises ATP production within the cell by disrupting the mitochondrial electron transport chain. The resulting loss of ATP leads to an increase in glucose uptake for anaerobic generation of ATP. In L6 skeletal muscle cells, DNP increases the rate of glucose uptake by twofold. We previously showed that DNP increases cell surface levels of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and hexose uptake via a Ca2+-sensitive and conventional protein kinase C (cPKC)-dependent mechanism. Recently, 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been proposed to mediate the stimulation of glucose uptake by energy stressors such as exercise and hypoxia. Changes in Ca2+ and cPKC have also been invoked in the stimulation of glucose uptake by exercise and hypoxia. Here we examine whether changes in cytosolic Ca2+ or cPKC lead to activation of AMPK. We show that treatment of L6 cells with DNP (0.5 mM) or hyperosmolar stress (mannitol, 0.6 M) increased AMPK activity by 3.5-fold. AMPK activation peaked by 10-15 min prior to maximal stimulation of glucose uptake. Intracellular Ca2+ chelation and cPKC inhibition prior to treatment with DNP and hyperosmolarity significantly reduced cell surface GLUT4 levels and hexose uptake but had no effect on AMPK activation. These results illustrate a break in the relationship between AMPK activation and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. Activation of AMPK does not suffice to stimulate glucose uptake in response to DNP and hyperosmolarity. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
Delivery of genes encoding cardiac K(ATP) channel subunits in conjunction with pinacidil prevents membrane depolarization in cells exposed to chemical hypoxia-reoxygenation.
Jovanovic S, Jovanovic A.
Tayside Institute of Child Health, University of Dundee, Scotland, DD1 9SY, United Kingdom.
Metabolic injury is a complex process affecting various: tissues with membrane depolarisation recognised as a common trigger event leading to cell death. To examine whether, under metabolic challenge, membrane potential homeostasis can be maintained by an activator of channel proteins, we here delivered Kir6.2 and SUR2A genes, which encode cardiac K(ATP) channel subunits, into a somatic cell line lacking native K(ATP) channels (COS-7 cells). Chemical hypoxia-reoxygenation was simulated in COS-7 cells by addition and removal of the mitochondrial poison 2,4 dinitrophenol (DNP). The membrane potential of COS-7 cells at rest was -31 +/- 3 mV. This value did not change following 3 min-long exposure to DNP (-32 +/- 4 mV). In contrast, washout of DNP induced significant membrane depolarisation (-17 +/- 2 mV). Delivery of Kir6.2/SUR2A genes did not change cellular response to hypoxia-reoxygenation. Similarly, pinacidil, potassium channel opener, did not have effect on hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced membrane depolarisation in cells lacking recombinant K(ATP) channel subunits. However, gene delivery combined with pinacidil prevented membrane depolarisation induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation. This effect of pinacidil, in cells expressing Kir6.2/SUR2A, was observed regardless of whether pinacidil was added only during hypoxia or reoxygenation. The present study demonstrates that combined use of K(ATP) channel subunits gene delivery and pharmacological targeting of recombinant proteins can be used to efficiently control membrane potential under hypoxia-reoxygenation. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
Role of the ADP/ATP and aspartate/glutamate antiporters in the uncoupling effect of fatty acids, lauryl sulfate, and 2, 4-dinitrophenol in liver mitochondria.
Samartsev VN, Markova OV, Zeldi IP, Smirnov AV.
Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119899, Russia. [email protected]
Study of the uncoupling effect of various saturated fatty acids (from caprylic to palmitic) revealed that the glutamate recoupling effect was more pronounced in the case of short chain fatty acids, whereas recoupling of mitochondria by carboxyatractylate was more effective in the case of long chain fatty acids. The overall recoupling effect, however, did not depend on the fatty acid chain length. Besides carboxyatractylate, glutamate and aspartate also exhibited a recoupling effect under uncoupling by lauryl sulfate. The uncoupling effect of lauryl sulfate was markedly weaker in the presence of DNP or laurate (but not FCCP) which were added in concentrations causing twofold increase in mitochondrial respiration. In the presence of lauryl sulfate the uncoupling action of laurate and DNP was insensitive to carboxyatractylate and glutamate. With laurate and DNP as uncouplers increasing the pH from 7.0 to 7.8 potentiated the recoupling effect of carboxyatractylate and attenuated the recoupling effect of glutamate. In the case of uncoupling by lauryl sulfate similar changes in the recoupling effect of carboxyatractylate and glutamate were observed only in the presence of 10 microM tetraphenylphosphonium. Thus, when uncoupling is induced by fatty acids, DNP, and lauryl sulfate, the ADP/ATP and aspartate/glutamate antiporters function as two parallel and independent pathways for mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation. We suggest that the role of the ADP/ATP antiporter in uncoupling includes proton capture from the intermembrane space with subsequent protonation of uncoupler anions, their transport as neutral molecules on the internal side, and deprotonation followed by proton release into the matrix and transfer of the uncoupler anion in the reverse direction. During uncoupling the aspartate/glutamate antiporter cyclically carries the uncoupler anion with simultaneous proton transfer from the intermembrane space into the matrix.
ulter said:
You people who have this genetic predisposition know who you are so like Andy says, you people stay away from DNP.
bigrand said:Andy, how is the Mictochondria DNA mutated? Missense, nonsense, frameshift? And how is a mutation there linked to those dissorders? Nuclear DNA mutations cause changes in codon sequence and cell lines, how does a mutation in mictochondria play a role in future cell problems?
bigrand said:DNP is readily accessible to anybody. Just find a chem company that makes it. Get it in powder form and weight it. There is no reason a source would fuck with it considering its cheap and easily atainable. Also it does not need to be as sterile as an injectible, stomach acids will take care of that, you have no defense when something is injected, easy infection.
PARABOLAN said:what about low doses.. can 200 mg a day for 15 days really hurt u??
bigrand said:Andy, how is the Mictochondria DNA mutated? Missense, nonsense, frameshift? And how is a mutation there linked to those dissorders? Nuclear DNA mutations cause changes in codon sequence and cell lines, how does a mutation in mictochondria play a role in future cell problems?
bigrand said:Nothing was said about "captured bacteria" but the point was made concerning the similarities between metabolisms of prok and euk cells. Sounds like thats what you are talkin about.
Free radicals are taken care of anyway by superoxide dissmutase, peroxidase, ext......so why do you think that any damage is mutagenic in nature and that the mutation is transcribed to the next generation.
Im in micro now, so this is some tight shit!
bigrand said:Is michtocondria DNA replicated the same way nuclear DNA is (DNA polymerase, mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, ribosomes, DNA ligase, ect.....)?
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