More information for you on Azelaic acid.
The current version of Crinagen (released October 11, 2001) contains the following: Distilled water, Polysorbate 20, Gamma linolenic acid, Proanthocyanidins (procyanidin oligomers from grape seed extract), Azelaic acid, Zinc acetate hydrate, Niacin, Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal-5-phosphate), Saw palmetto extract, Ginkgo biloba, Alpha linolenic acid, Oleic acid, Linoleic acid, Arachidonic acid, Palmitoleic acid, Tea tree oil, Witch hazel extract, Epilobium augustifolium, Epilobium parviflorum, Riboflavin, Vitamin E (as d-alpha tocopherol)
Below is some information on azelaic acid. It will be updated as we learn more.
Azelaic acid
Azelaic acid (pronounced az-uh-LAY-ic) is a simple molecule ( HOOC(CH2)7COOH, CAS Number 123-99-9, also known as 1,9-Nonanedioic acid) that is found in some whole grains and in trace amounts in human bodies. Although it is an acid, it is an extremely weak acid - much weaker than vinegar. It's current use in medicine is in Azelex, which is a cream base containing azelaic acid as 20% of its weight. Azelex is available by prescription in the USA and is used in the treatment of acne. More description of its medical properties, including cautions, can be found here. (Use your web browser's "Back" button to return to this page.)
Azelaic acid may be useful as a hair growth stimulant. A research report by Stamatiadis in 1988 suggested that azelaic acid (and combinations of it and zinc ion and vitamin B6) was a strong type I 5-alpha reductase (5-AR) inhibitor. The enzyme 5-AR (both types I and II) convert testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). DHT has been shown to contribute to male prostate enlargement (benign prostatic hyperplasia, BPH) and to damage hair follicles. The abstract of that article is further down this page.
We have not seen research that directly links the use of topical azelaic acid (or azelaic acid with zinc and B6) with hair growth. We feel that there is sufficient literature backing (in the Stamatiadis study and others) to include it in a Crinagen preparation. Dr. Lee (not associated with Raztec) made a similar decision. His Xandrox contains azelaic acid.
Some folks have obtained azelaic acid cream (which is 20% azelaic acid) from New Zealand and are spreading thin layers of it on their scalps - either before or after applying Crinagen. We don't know what success they are having. We have not had sufficient feedback from them. Because 20% azelaic acid can be a skin irritant, we are suggesting that these people use it only with a physician's approval. At the very least, they should consider diluting the 20% azelaic acid to 5% or less by mixing it with neutral creams.
Abstract of Stamatiadis' 1988 study:
Br J Dermatol 1988 Nov;119(5):627-632 Inhibition of 5 alpha-reductase activity in human skin by zinc and azelaic acid.
Stamatiadis D, Bulteau-Portois MC, Mowszowicz I
Laboratoire de Biochimie B, Hopital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Paris, France.
The effects of zinc sulphate and azelaic acid on 5 alpha-reductase activity in human skin were studied using an in vitro assay with 1,2[3H]-testosterone as substrate. When added at concentrations of 3 or 9 mmol/l, zinc was a potent inhibitor of 5 alpha-reductase activity. At high concentrations, zinc could completely inhibit the enzyme activity. Azelaic acid was also a potent inhibitor of 5 alpha-reductase; inhibition was detectable at concentrations as low as 0.2 mmol/l and was complete at 3 mmol/l. An additive effect of the two inhibitors was observed. Vitamin B6 potentiated the inhibitory effect of zinc, but not of azelaic acid, suggesting that two different mechanisms are involved. When the three substances were added together at very low concentrations which had been shown to be ineffective alone, 90% inhibition of 5 alpha-reductase activity was obtained. If this inhibition is confirmed in vivo, zinc sulphate combined with azelaic acid could be an effective agent in the treatment of androgen related pathology of human skin.
PMID: 3207614, UI: 89087983