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Did Slavery destroy Africa?
- Thread starter jdynasty
- Start date
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Spartacus
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as you can see/read the "terror" bombing of rotterdam had a genuine military objective
it wasn't designed/tasked to just destroy a bunch of dutch real estate and kill indiscriminately
it wasn't designed/tasked to just destroy a bunch of dutch real estate and kill indiscriminately
S
Spartacus
Guest
Schmidt used the pending destruction of Rotterdam to force Colonel Scharroo to surrender the city without a fight. Scharroo refused to surrender, and stretched out negotiations. The original start time for the attack had been set for 13:20. Schmidt postponed this to 16:20. However, just as the Dutch negotiator was crossing over the Willemsbrug to relay this information, the drone of heavy bombers was heard.manny78 said:
A total of 90 bombers from Kampfgeschwader 54 (54th Bomber Regiment) were sent over the city. The German forces in the city fired flares in an attempt to warn the bombers off but only 33 bombers had seen the signals and turned back; the rest proceeded with their attack, dropping down to low level where they released 97 tonnes of bombs, mostly in the heart of the city. Some bombs ignited vegetable oil tanks on the dock side, the resulting fires spread into the city centre[1]. Why the formation had not received the abort mission order sooner remains controversial. The red flare, which the Germans claimed was meant to signal abort mission but which the most of the pilots failed to see, is said to have been used by the Germans to show their location in the city to avoid friendly fire rather than avoid the bombing at all; some argue that this is backed up by the fact that the German troops firing the flare were unaware of the time the bombers would attack, let alone that a ceasefire was set in effect.[2][3] However, this argument fails to answer as to why then about one-third of the German bombers turned back before the attack.
S
Spartacus
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Italian East Africa (Italian: Africa Orientale Italiana, AOI) was a short-lived (1936-1941) Italian colony in Africa consisting of Ethiopia (recently occupied after the Second Italo-Abyssinian War) and the colonies of Italian Somaliland and Eritrea. In August 1940 British Somaliland was conquered and annexed to the AOI. Occasionally Libya (at the time another Italian colony in Africa) was referred to as being part of Italian East Africa, but this was uncommon and perhaps misleading.
World War II
In June 1940, at the beginning of Italy's involvement in World War II, the AOI potentially constituted a dangerous menace to British interests in Africa. From one perspective, a successful Italian attack from the AOI through the Sudan and the establishment of a connection to Italian-held Libya would have isolated vital British positions in Egypt and the Suez Canal. However, from a different perspective, the AOI itself was isolated from Italy and surrounded by British forces in the Sudan, Kenya, and British Somaliland. British forces in Aden could provide critical air and naval support against Italian naval forces operating in the Red Sea. Italian maritime transport was cut off by the British at the Suez Canal. What supplies did arrive in the AOI were generally from the air and in small quantities.
At the beginning of the East African Campaign, the Italian troops amounted to 291,000 men including native troops. Training of the native troops was poor, the Italian garrisons were too spread out, due to the extremely poor state of roads, and were essentially reduced to a static role without enough ammunitions and oil reserves (which allowed the British to conquer AOI in 1941).
East Africa Campaign northern front: Allied advances in 1941
In 1940, the adjacent colony of British Somaliland was occupied by Italian forces and absorbed into Italian East Africa. The conquest was the only victory of Italy, without reinforcement from German troops, during WWII against the Allies. This occupation lasted around one year.
On March 27, 1941 the stronghold of Cheren was captured by the British troops after a strenuous defence from general Orlando Lorenzini. After the surrender of Massaua (April 8), Eritrea was lost for Italy. The war was lost on May 1941, when the last stand on Amba Alagi under Viceroy Amedeo di Savoia, Duke of Aosta, at Amba Alagi ended honourably in face of overwhelming Allied troops. November 28 of the same year, general Guglielmo Nasi and the last Italian occupants of Gondar surrendered.
Many Italians fought a guerrilla war in the "Africa Orientale Italiana", after the surrender at Gondar of the last regular Italian forces in November 1941. From November 1941 to September 1943 there was an Italian guerrilla force made up of 7000 Italians who had not accepted surrender to the Allies. They were waiting for the possible arrival of the Italo-German army of Rommel from Egypt and the Mediterranean (called in 1942 by Mussolini "the Italian Mare Nostrum"), but after the Battle of El Alamein the momentum of this resistance slowly faded away.
World War II
In June 1940, at the beginning of Italy's involvement in World War II, the AOI potentially constituted a dangerous menace to British interests in Africa. From one perspective, a successful Italian attack from the AOI through the Sudan and the establishment of a connection to Italian-held Libya would have isolated vital British positions in Egypt and the Suez Canal. However, from a different perspective, the AOI itself was isolated from Italy and surrounded by British forces in the Sudan, Kenya, and British Somaliland. British forces in Aden could provide critical air and naval support against Italian naval forces operating in the Red Sea. Italian maritime transport was cut off by the British at the Suez Canal. What supplies did arrive in the AOI were generally from the air and in small quantities.
At the beginning of the East African Campaign, the Italian troops amounted to 291,000 men including native troops. Training of the native troops was poor, the Italian garrisons were too spread out, due to the extremely poor state of roads, and were essentially reduced to a static role without enough ammunitions and oil reserves (which allowed the British to conquer AOI in 1941).
East Africa Campaign northern front: Allied advances in 1941
In 1940, the adjacent colony of British Somaliland was occupied by Italian forces and absorbed into Italian East Africa. The conquest was the only victory of Italy, without reinforcement from German troops, during WWII against the Allies. This occupation lasted around one year.
On March 27, 1941 the stronghold of Cheren was captured by the British troops after a strenuous defence from general Orlando Lorenzini. After the surrender of Massaua (April 8), Eritrea was lost for Italy. The war was lost on May 1941, when the last stand on Amba Alagi under Viceroy Amedeo di Savoia, Duke of Aosta, at Amba Alagi ended honourably in face of overwhelming Allied troops. November 28 of the same year, general Guglielmo Nasi and the last Italian occupants of Gondar surrendered.
Many Italians fought a guerrilla war in the "Africa Orientale Italiana", after the surrender at Gondar of the last regular Italian forces in November 1941. From November 1941 to September 1943 there was an Italian guerrilla force made up of 7000 Italians who had not accepted surrender to the Allies. They were waiting for the possible arrival of the Italo-German army of Rommel from Egypt and the Mediterranean (called in 1942 by Mussolini "the Italian Mare Nostrum"), but after the Battle of El Alamein the momentum of this resistance slowly faded away.
S
Spartacus
Guest
to keep somewhat on topic^
off to the gym now
off to the gym now
javaguru
Banned
Leo T. Crowley, "Lend Lease" in Walter Yust, ed. 10 Eventful Years (1947) 2: 858-60; 1:520.
Stuff the US shipped to the Soviet Union through the Lend-Lease program from its beginning until 30 September 1945. To put this in perspective, the Soviets produced 92 locomotives during the entire war. Lend -lease aircraft accounted for 14% of the USSR airforce(19% military aircraft).
Aircraft 14,795
Tanks 7,056
Jeeps 51,503
Trucks 375,883
Motorcycles 35,170
Tractors 8,071
Guns 8,218
Machine guns 131,633
Explosives 345,735 tons
Building equipment valued $10,910,000
Railroad freight cars 11,155
Locomotives 1,981
Cargo ships 90
Submarine hunters 105
Torpedo boats 197
Ship engines 7,784
Food supplies 4,478,000 tons
Machines and equipment $1,078,965,000
Non-ferrous metals 802,000 tons
Petroleum products 2,670,000 tons
Chemicals 842,000 tons
Cotton 106,893,000 tons
Leather 49,860 tons
Tires 3,786,000
Army boots 15,417,001 pairs
Stuff the US shipped to the Soviet Union through the Lend-Lease program from its beginning until 30 September 1945. To put this in perspective, the Soviets produced 92 locomotives during the entire war. Lend -lease aircraft accounted for 14% of the USSR airforce(19% military aircraft).
Aircraft 14,795
Tanks 7,056
Jeeps 51,503
Trucks 375,883
Motorcycles 35,170
Tractors 8,071
Guns 8,218
Machine guns 131,633
Explosives 345,735 tons
Building equipment valued $10,910,000
Railroad freight cars 11,155
Locomotives 1,981
Cargo ships 90
Submarine hunters 105
Torpedo boats 197
Ship engines 7,784
Food supplies 4,478,000 tons
Machines and equipment $1,078,965,000
Non-ferrous metals 802,000 tons
Petroleum products 2,670,000 tons
Chemicals 842,000 tons
Cotton 106,893,000 tons
Leather 49,860 tons
Tires 3,786,000
Army boots 15,417,001 pairs
walliwalibus
New member
I ain't saying nothing about Russia for I have a few, few friends.
No. Many tribes and chiefdoms in Africa had a long standing tradition of enslaving other Africans. European slave traders often acquired slaves by buying them off of African tribes.
Perhaps European colonization stunted it's growth.
Asking what 'destroyed' Africa implies that Africa at one point was 'greater' than it is now. When was that?
Perhaps European colonization stunted it's growth.
Asking what 'destroyed' Africa implies that Africa at one point was 'greater' than it is now. When was that?
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