Diabetes mellitus (type II adult onset) is usually due to a loss of insulin sensitivity (the effectiveness of insulin action on cell membrane glucose transports). Basically insulin (protein based hormone) is a key to open a doorway (membrane transport channel) so that sugar can to get into the cell, otherwise it won't be able to get in...sugar is too big to diffuse across a cell membrane. If it doesn't get into the cell, it stays in the blood at high concentrations, and this pretty much damages up organs/tissues such as the kidneys/retina etc. When you have type II diabetes, basically your insulin (or gateway keys) are deformed and can no longer open the gateways, the key no longer fits into the door rendering it useless. You DO NOT want this disease, it is incurable and can do a lot of fucking damage onto your system shortening your life and quality of life dramatically...its associated with a lot of problems, from blindness/obesity/kidney failure/cardiovascular disease etc.
It's unlikely to get diabetes if you eat properly and train regularly, and if you hit the sauce, I'm assuming you know what to do on diet/training. There is always a possibility...especially if you're genetically predisposed. It's a chronic disease, it takes a long time to develop and once it takes over, it doesn't go away...so its not something acute that comes and goes.
If you're that worried bulk up on healthy carbs (low glycemic/insulin index + lots of fiber) and get some omega 3s in while avoiding trans/sat fat as best as possible (technically you should always be in the practice of doing this if you want clean gains). Diabetes usually has some genetic predisposition/neonatal nutrition component to it...it's also associated with a life of eating nothing but refined sugars/saturated fat and basically being a fat inactive couch potato (this is not always the case but this is how a lot of it happens...notice recent incidence)...
Unless it runs in your family and you're eating like shit and not training at all, I wouldn't give it too much thought. Plus...you need your insulin sensitivity to keep bodyfat levels low while muscles high right? Don't do a dirty bulk, I don't think calories are calories, they do make a difference at the molecular level for sure as evidenced by the etiology of type II diabetes (eating refined sugars). Just do a clean bulk and get a medical consult if you're really worried about it. You can always find ways to reduce risk factors...chronic diseases must be created by its victim over time...its just slow and insidous. Remember, its unlikely but not impossible...I don't worry about it at all and my grandfather had it.