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Pantothenic Acid
Also indexed as: Calcium Pantothenate, Pantethine, Vitamin B5
How does it work?
Pantothenic acid, sometimes called vitamin B5, is involved in the Kreb’s cycle of energy production and is needed to make the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. It is also essential in producing, transporting, and releasing energy from fats. Synthesis of cholesterol (needed to manufacture vitamin D and steroid hormones) depends on pantothenic acid. Pantothenic acid also activates the adrenal glands. Pantethine–a byproduct of pantothenic acid–has been reported to lower blood levels of cholesterol and triglycerides.
Key uses for pantothenic acid
High cholesterol: The pantethine form of vitamin B5, in amounts of 300 mg two to four times per day, has been shown to significantly lower serum cholesterol levels and to increase HDL (“good”) cholesterol.
High triglycerides: Several studies have shown that 300 mg of the pantethine form of vitamin B5 taken three times per day will lower triglyceride levels.
Pantothenic acid itself does not appear to affect cholesterol or triglyceride levels.
Other potential uses for pantothenic acid
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Research suggests that people with RA may be partially deficient in pantothenic acid. In one placebo-controlled trial, people with RA had less morning stiffness, disability, and pain when they took 2,000 mg of pantothenic acid per day. Many doctors recommend pantothenic acid (sometimes in lower amounts, such as 500–1,000 mg per day) for people with RA.
Acne: In a preliminary study using pantothenic acid, people with acne were given 2.5 grams of pantothenic acid four times per day (a total of 10 grams per day)–a remarkably high amount. A cream containing 20% pantothenic acid was also applied topically four to six times per day. With moderate acne, near-complete relief was seen within two months, but severe acne took at least six months to respond. Eventually, the intake of pantothenic acid was reduced to 1–5 grams per day–still a very high amount.
Athletic performance: B-complex vitamins are important for athletes, because they are needed to produce energy from carbohydrates. Exercisers may have slightly increased requirements for some of the B vitamins, including vitamin B2, vitamin B6, and pantothenic acid. Athletic performance can suffer if these slightly increased needs are not met. However, most athletes obtain enough B vitamins from their diet without supplementation.
Allergic rhinitis: In a preliminary trial, supplementation with 250 mg of pantothenic acid two times a day was shown to help most patients suffering from allergic rhinitis.
Where is it found?
Liver, yeast, and salmon have high concentrations of pantothenic acid.
Most other foods, including vegetables, dairy, eggs, grains, and meat provide some pantothenic acid.
How much is usually taken?
Most people do not need to supplement with pantothenic acid. However, the 10–25 mg found in many multivitamin supplements might improve pantothenic acid status, as so-called primitive human diets provided greater amounts of this nutrient than are found in modern diets.
Most cholesterol researchers using pantethine have given people 300 mg three times per day (for a total of 900 mg per day).
Are there any side effects or precautions?
No serious side effects have been reported, even at intakes up to 10,000 mg (10 grams) per day.
Very large amounts of pantothenic acid (several grams per day) can cause diarrhea.
Potential adverse drug interactions
None reported
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