Steam Sterilization is the only practical method that kills anything and everything. Even this must be done properly to be effective. Instruments must be clean and free from debris, lubricants, and body fluids before being sterilized. Heat can cause proteins and surgical lubricants to encapsulate pathogens and protect them from the sterilizing process.
Clean and wash all instruments carefully before sterilizing them. This is especially true if your instruments have been used on someone before. Use lots of detergent, water, and bleach. If these are contaminated items, wear latex gloves as you handle them.
The steam under pressure raises the temperature in the sterilization chamber to kill all pathogens. The killing process is a function of Time and Pressure.
Autoclaves reach a temperature of 270o Fahrenheit or 132o Celsius at a pressure of 30 pounds and requires 15 minutes for the process to be effective.
Pressure Cookers reach a temperature of 250o F or 121o C at a pressure of 15 pounds and requires 30 minutes for the process to be effective.
This article will only deal with pressure cookers for the sterilization of steel instruments or other not heat sensitive items. Do not try to sterilize latex items or liquids. The sterilization of cloth drapes, etc. is not practical in a pressure cooker due to the lack of a drying cycle.