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what is an ester? whats the difference between those and steriods?
ester?
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enzymus
New member
Here is the whole truth
One of the most misunderstood subjects in the world of steroids is the
ester--the mechanism by which injectable esterified steroids like
testosterone cypionate, testosterone enanthate, and Sustanon work. If
you take a quick look around the Internet you will probably find
countless articles that consider one form of a steroid far more
effective than another. Arguments over the superiority of cypionate to
enanthate, or Sustanon to all other testosterones are of course very
common. Such arguments are in all practicality, baseless. In this report
we'll take an authoritative look at the ester and what specifically it
does to a steroid.
1. WHAT AN ESTER IS, AND HOW IT WORKS
I'm sure that if you have taken an interest in anabolic steroids you
have noticed the similarities on the labeling of many drugs. Let's look
at testosterone for example. One can find compounds like testosterone
cypionate, enanthate, propionate, heptylate; caproate, phenylpropionate,
isocaproate, decanoate, acetate, the list goes on and on. In all such
cases the parent hormone is testosterone, which had been modified by
adding an ester (enanthate, propionate etc.) to its structure. The
following question arises: What is the difference between the various
esterified versions of testosterone in regards to their use in
bodybuilding?
An ester is a chain composed primarily of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
This chain is typically attached to the parent steroid hormone at the
17th carbon position (beta orientation), although some compounds do
carry esters at position 3 (for the purposes of this article it is not
crucial to understand the exact position of the ester). Esterification
of an injectable anabolic/androgenic steroid basically accomplishes one
thing, it slows the release of the parent steroid from the site of
injection. This happens because the ester will notably lower the water
solubility of the steroid, and increase its lipid (fat) solubility. This
will cause the drug to form a deposit in the muscle tissue, from which
it will slowly enter into circulation as it is picked up in small
quantities by the blood. Generally, the longer the ester chain, the
lower the water solubility of the compound, and the longer it will take
to for the full dosage to reach general circulation.
Slowing the release of the parent steroid is a great benefit in steroid
medicine, as free testosterone (or other steroid hormones) previously
would remain active in the body for a very short period of time
(typically hours). This would necessitate an unpleasant daily injection
schedule if one wished to maintain a continuous elevation of
testosterone (the goal of testosterone replacement therapy). By adding
an ester, the patient can visit the doctor as infrequently as once per
month for his injection, instead of having to constantly re-administer
the drug to achieve a therapeutic effect. Clearly without the use of an
ester, therapy with an injectable anabolic/androgen would be much more
difficult.
Esterification temporarily deactivates the steroid molecule. With a
chain blocking the 17th beta position, binding to the androgen receptor
is not possible (it can exert no activity in the body). In order for the
compound to become active the ester must therefore first be removed.
This automatically occurs once the compound has filtered into blood
circulation, where esterase enzymes quickly cleave off (hydrolyze) the
ester chain. This will restore the necessary hydroxyl (OH) group at the
17th beta position, enabling the drug to attach to the appropriate
receptor. Now and only now will the steroid be able to have an effect on
skeletal muscle tissue. You can start to see why considering
testosterone cypionate much more potent than enanthate makes little
sense, as your muscles are seeing only free testosterone no matter what
ester was used to deploy it.
2. ACTIONS OF DIFFERENT ESTERS
There are many different esters that are used with anabolic/androgenic
steroids, but again, they all do basically the same thing. Esters vary
only in their ability to reduce a steroid's water solubility. An ester
like propionate for example will slow the release of a steroid for a few
days, while the duration will be weeks with a decanoate ester. Esters
have no effect on the tendency for the parent steroid to convert to
estrogen or DHT (dihydrotestosterone: a more potent metabolite) nor will
it effect the overall muscle-building potency of the compound. Any
differences in results and side effects that may be noted by
bodybuilders who have used various esterified versions of the same base
steroid are just issues of timing. Testosterone enanthate causes
estrogen related problems more readily than Sustanon, simply because
with enanthate testosterone levels will peak and trough much sooner (1-2
week release duration as opposed to 3 or 4). Likewise testosterone
suspension is the worst in regards to gyno and water bloat because blood
hormone levels peak so quickly with this drug. Instead of waiting weeks
for testosterone levels to rise to their highest point, here we are at
most looking at a couple of days. Given an equal blood level of
testosterone, there would be no difference in the rate of aromatization
or DHT conversion between different esters. There is simply no mechanism
for this to be possible.
There is however one way that we can say an ester does technically
effect potency; it is calculated in the steroid weight. The heavier the
ester chain, the greater is its percentage of the total weight. In the
case of testosterone enanthate for example, 250mg of esterified steroid
(testosterone enanthate) is equal to only 180mg of free testosterone.
70mgs out of each 250mg injection is the weight of the ester. If we
wanted to be really picky, we could consider enanthate slightly MORE
potent than cypionate (I know this goes against popular thinking) as its
ester chain contains one less carbon atom (therefore taking up a
slightly smaller percentage of total weight). Propionate would of course
come out on top of the three, releasing a measurable (but not
significant) amount more testosterone per injection than cypionate or
enanthate.
ESTER PROFILES
Sustanon: The "king" of testosterone blends.
The four different testosterone esters in this product certainly look
appealing to the consumer, there is no denying that. But for the athlete
I think it is all just a matter of marketing (Hell, why buy one ester
when you can get four?). In clinical situations I can see some strong
uses for it. If you were undergoing testosterone replacement therapy for
example, you would probably find Sustanon a much more comfortable option
than testosterone enanthate. You would need to visit the doctor less
frequently for an injection, and blood levels should be more steadily
maintained between treatments. But for the bodybuilder who is injecting
4 ampules of Sustanon per week, there is no advantage over other
testosterone products. In fact, the high price tag for Sustanon usually
makes it a very poor buy in the face of cheaper testosterone
enanthate/cypionate. Bodybuilders should probably stop looking at the
four ester issue, and stick with totals (Sustanon is just a 250mg
testosterone ampule). Were enanthate to be available for say $10 per amp
of 250mg, and Sustanon priced nearly double that, buying the Sustanon
would be like throwing money away. If you could get nearly double the
milligram amount for the same price with enanthate, this is the better
product to go with hands down. Leave the high priced stuff for the guys
who don't know any better.
IN CONCLUSION
While the advent of esters certainly constitutes an invaluable advance
in the field of anabolic steroid medicine, clearly you can see that
there is no magic involved here. Esters work in a well-understood and
predictable manner, and do not alter the activity of the parent steroid
in any way other than to delay its release. Although the lure
surrounding various steroid products like testosterone cypionate,
Sustanon, Omnadren etc. certainly makes for interesting conversation,
realistically it just amounts to misinformation that the athlete would
be better off ignoring. Testosterone is testosterone and anyone who is
going to tell you one ester form of this (or any) hormone is much better
than another one should do a little more research, and a lot less
talking.
Acetate: Chemical Structure C2H4O2.
Also referred to as Acetic Acid; Ethylic acid; Vinegar acid; vinegar;
Methanecarboxylic acid. Acetate esters delay the release of a steroid
for only a couple of days. Contrary to what you may have read, acetate
esters do not increase the tendency for fat removal. Again, there is no
known mechanism for it to do so. This ester is used on oral primobolan
tablets (metenolone acetate), Finaplix (trenbolone acetate) implant
pellets, and occasionally testosterone.
Propionate: Chemical Structure C3H6O2.
Also referred to as Carboxyethane; hydroacrylic acid; Methylacetic acid;
Ethylformic acid; Ethanecarboxylic acid; metacetonic acid; pseudoacetic
acid; Propionic Acid. Propionate esters will slow the release of a
steroid for several days. To keep blood levels from fluctuating greatly,
propionate compounds are usually injected two to three times weekly.
Testosterone propionate and methandriol dipropionate (two separate
propionate esters attached to the parent steroid methandriol) are
popular items.
Phenylpropionate: Chemical Structure C9H10O2.
Also referred to as Propionic Acid Phenyl Ester. Phenylpropionate will
extend the release of active steroid a few days longer than propionate.
To keep blood levels even, injections are given at least twice weekly.
Durabolin is the drug most commonly seen with a phenylpropionate ester
(nandrolone phenylpropionate), although it is also used with
testosterone in Sustanon and Omnadren.
Isocarpoate: Chemical Structure C6H12O2.
Also referred to as Isocaproic Acid; isohexanoate; 4-methylvaleric acid.
Isocaproate begins to near enanthate in terms of release. The duration
is still shorter, with a notable hormone level being sustained for
approximately one week. This ester is used with testosterone in the
blended products Sustanon and Omnadren.
Caproate: Chemical Structure C6H12O2.
Also referred to as Hexanoic acid; hexanoate; n-Caproic Acid; n-Hexoic
acid; butylacetic acid; pentiformic acid; pentylformic acid; n-hexylic
acid; 1-pentanecarboxylic acid; hexoic acid; 1-hexanoic acid; Hexylic
acid; Caproic acid. This ester is identical to isocarpoate in terms of
atom count and weight, but is laid out slightly different (Isocaproate
has a split configuration, difficult to explain here but easy to see on
paper). Release duration would be very similar to isocaproate (levels
sustained for approximately one weak), perhaps coming slightly closer to
enanthate due to its straight chain. Caproate is the slowest releasing
ester used in Omnadren, which is why most athletes notice more water
retention with this compound.
Enanthate: Chemical Structure C7H14O2.
Also referred to as heptanoic acid; enanthic acid; enanthylic acid;
heptylic acid; heptoic acid; Oenanthylic acid; Oenanthic acid. Enanthate
is one of the most prominent esters used in steroid manufacture (most
commonly seen with testosterone but is also used in other compounds like
Primobolan Depot). Enanthate will release a steady (yet fluctuating as
all esters are) level of hormone for approximately 10-14 days. Although
in medicine enanthate compounds are often injected on a bi-weekly or
monthly basis, athletes will inject at least weekly to help maintain a
uniform blood level.
Cypionate: Chemical Structure C8H14O2.
Also referred to as Cyclopentylpropionic acid, cyclopentylpropionate.
Cypionate is a very popular ester here in the U.S., although it is
scarcely found outside this region. Its release duration is almost
identical to enanthate (10-14 days), and the two are likewise thought to
be interchangeable in U.S. medicine. Althletes commonly hold the belief
than cypionate is more powerful than enanthate, although realistically
there is little difference between the two. The enanthate ester is in
fact slightly smaller than cypionate, and it therefore releases a small
(perhaps a few milligrams) amount of steroid more in comparison.
Decanoate: Chemical Structure C10H20O2.
Also referred to as decanoic acid; capric acid; caprinic acid; decylic
acid, Nonanecarboxylic acid. The Decanoate ester is most commonly used
with the hormone nandrolone (as in Deca-Durabolin) and is found in
virtually all corners of the world. Testosterone decanoate is also the
longest acting constituent in Sustanon, greatly extending its release
duration. The release time with Decanoate compounds is listed to be as
long as one month, although most recently we are finding that levels
seem to drop significantly after two weeks. To keep blood levels more
uniform, athletes (as they have always known to do) will follow a weekly
injection schedule.
Undecylenate: Chemical Structure C11H20O2.
Also referred to as Undecylenic acid; Hendecenoic acid; Undecenoic acid.
This ester is very similar to decanoate, containing only one carbon atom
more. Its release duration is likewise very similar (approximately 2-3
weeks), perhaps extending a day or so past that seen with decanoate.
Undecylenate seems to be exclusive to the veterinary preparation
Equipoise (boldenone undecylenate), although there is no reason it would
not work well in human-use preparations (Equipoise certainly works fine
for athletes). Again, weekly injections are most common.
Undecanoate: Chemical Structure C11H22O2.
Also referred to as Undecanoic Acid; 1-Decanecarboxylic acid;
Hendecanoic acid; Undecylic acid. Undecanoate is not a commonly found
ester, and only appears to be used in the nandrolone preparation
Dynabolan, and oral testosterone undecanoate (Andriol). Since this ester
is chemically very similar to undecylenate (it is only 2 hydrogen atoms
larger), it has a similar release duration (approximately 2-3 weeks).
Although this ester is used in the oral preparation Andriol, there is no
reason to believe it carries any properties unique of other esters.
Andriol in fact works very poorly at delivering testosterone, bolstering
the idea that oral administration is not the idea use of esterified
androgens.
Laurate: Chemical structure C12H24O2.
Also referred to as Dodecanoic acid, laurostearic acid, duodecyclic
acid, 1-undecanecarboxylic acid, and dodecoic acid. Laurate is the
longest releasing ester used in commercial steroid production, although
longer acting esters do exist. Its release duration would be closer to
one month than the other esters listed above, although realistically we
are probably to expect a notable drop in hormone level after the third
week. Laurate is exclusively found in the veterinary nandrolone
preparation Laurabolin, perhaps seen as slightly advantageous over a
decanoate ester due to a less frequent injection schedule. Again
athletes will most commonly inject this drug weekly, no doubt in part
due to its low strength (25mg/ml or 50mg/ml).
One of the most misunderstood subjects in the world of steroids is the
ester--the mechanism by which injectable esterified steroids like
testosterone cypionate, testosterone enanthate, and Sustanon work. If
you take a quick look around the Internet you will probably find
countless articles that consider one form of a steroid far more
effective than another. Arguments over the superiority of cypionate to
enanthate, or Sustanon to all other testosterones are of course very
common. Such arguments are in all practicality, baseless. In this report
we'll take an authoritative look at the ester and what specifically it
does to a steroid.
1. WHAT AN ESTER IS, AND HOW IT WORKS
I'm sure that if you have taken an interest in anabolic steroids you
have noticed the similarities on the labeling of many drugs. Let's look
at testosterone for example. One can find compounds like testosterone
cypionate, enanthate, propionate, heptylate; caproate, phenylpropionate,
isocaproate, decanoate, acetate, the list goes on and on. In all such
cases the parent hormone is testosterone, which had been modified by
adding an ester (enanthate, propionate etc.) to its structure. The
following question arises: What is the difference between the various
esterified versions of testosterone in regards to their use in
bodybuilding?
An ester is a chain composed primarily of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
This chain is typically attached to the parent steroid hormone at the
17th carbon position (beta orientation), although some compounds do
carry esters at position 3 (for the purposes of this article it is not
crucial to understand the exact position of the ester). Esterification
of an injectable anabolic/androgenic steroid basically accomplishes one
thing, it slows the release of the parent steroid from the site of
injection. This happens because the ester will notably lower the water
solubility of the steroid, and increase its lipid (fat) solubility. This
will cause the drug to form a deposit in the muscle tissue, from which
it will slowly enter into circulation as it is picked up in small
quantities by the blood. Generally, the longer the ester chain, the
lower the water solubility of the compound, and the longer it will take
to for the full dosage to reach general circulation.
Slowing the release of the parent steroid is a great benefit in steroid
medicine, as free testosterone (or other steroid hormones) previously
would remain active in the body for a very short period of time
(typically hours). This would necessitate an unpleasant daily injection
schedule if one wished to maintain a continuous elevation of
testosterone (the goal of testosterone replacement therapy). By adding
an ester, the patient can visit the doctor as infrequently as once per
month for his injection, instead of having to constantly re-administer
the drug to achieve a therapeutic effect. Clearly without the use of an
ester, therapy with an injectable anabolic/androgen would be much more
difficult.
Esterification temporarily deactivates the steroid molecule. With a
chain blocking the 17th beta position, binding to the androgen receptor
is not possible (it can exert no activity in the body). In order for the
compound to become active the ester must therefore first be removed.
This automatically occurs once the compound has filtered into blood
circulation, where esterase enzymes quickly cleave off (hydrolyze) the
ester chain. This will restore the necessary hydroxyl (OH) group at the
17th beta position, enabling the drug to attach to the appropriate
receptor. Now and only now will the steroid be able to have an effect on
skeletal muscle tissue. You can start to see why considering
testosterone cypionate much more potent than enanthate makes little
sense, as your muscles are seeing only free testosterone no matter what
ester was used to deploy it.
2. ACTIONS OF DIFFERENT ESTERS
There are many different esters that are used with anabolic/androgenic
steroids, but again, they all do basically the same thing. Esters vary
only in their ability to reduce a steroid's water solubility. An ester
like propionate for example will slow the release of a steroid for a few
days, while the duration will be weeks with a decanoate ester. Esters
have no effect on the tendency for the parent steroid to convert to
estrogen or DHT (dihydrotestosterone: a more potent metabolite) nor will
it effect the overall muscle-building potency of the compound. Any
differences in results and side effects that may be noted by
bodybuilders who have used various esterified versions of the same base
steroid are just issues of timing. Testosterone enanthate causes
estrogen related problems more readily than Sustanon, simply because
with enanthate testosterone levels will peak and trough much sooner (1-2
week release duration as opposed to 3 or 4). Likewise testosterone
suspension is the worst in regards to gyno and water bloat because blood
hormone levels peak so quickly with this drug. Instead of waiting weeks
for testosterone levels to rise to their highest point, here we are at
most looking at a couple of days. Given an equal blood level of
testosterone, there would be no difference in the rate of aromatization
or DHT conversion between different esters. There is simply no mechanism
for this to be possible.
There is however one way that we can say an ester does technically
effect potency; it is calculated in the steroid weight. The heavier the
ester chain, the greater is its percentage of the total weight. In the
case of testosterone enanthate for example, 250mg of esterified steroid
(testosterone enanthate) is equal to only 180mg of free testosterone.
70mgs out of each 250mg injection is the weight of the ester. If we
wanted to be really picky, we could consider enanthate slightly MORE
potent than cypionate (I know this goes against popular thinking) as its
ester chain contains one less carbon atom (therefore taking up a
slightly smaller percentage of total weight). Propionate would of course
come out on top of the three, releasing a measurable (but not
significant) amount more testosterone per injection than cypionate or
enanthate.
ESTER PROFILES
Sustanon: The "king" of testosterone blends.
The four different testosterone esters in this product certainly look
appealing to the consumer, there is no denying that. But for the athlete
I think it is all just a matter of marketing (Hell, why buy one ester
when you can get four?). In clinical situations I can see some strong
uses for it. If you were undergoing testosterone replacement therapy for
example, you would probably find Sustanon a much more comfortable option
than testosterone enanthate. You would need to visit the doctor less
frequently for an injection, and blood levels should be more steadily
maintained between treatments. But for the bodybuilder who is injecting
4 ampules of Sustanon per week, there is no advantage over other
testosterone products. In fact, the high price tag for Sustanon usually
makes it a very poor buy in the face of cheaper testosterone
enanthate/cypionate. Bodybuilders should probably stop looking at the
four ester issue, and stick with totals (Sustanon is just a 250mg
testosterone ampule). Were enanthate to be available for say $10 per amp
of 250mg, and Sustanon priced nearly double that, buying the Sustanon
would be like throwing money away. If you could get nearly double the
milligram amount for the same price with enanthate, this is the better
product to go with hands down. Leave the high priced stuff for the guys
who don't know any better.
IN CONCLUSION
While the advent of esters certainly constitutes an invaluable advance
in the field of anabolic steroid medicine, clearly you can see that
there is no magic involved here. Esters work in a well-understood and
predictable manner, and do not alter the activity of the parent steroid
in any way other than to delay its release. Although the lure
surrounding various steroid products like testosterone cypionate,
Sustanon, Omnadren etc. certainly makes for interesting conversation,
realistically it just amounts to misinformation that the athlete would
be better off ignoring. Testosterone is testosterone and anyone who is
going to tell you one ester form of this (or any) hormone is much better
than another one should do a little more research, and a lot less
talking.
Acetate: Chemical Structure C2H4O2.
Also referred to as Acetic Acid; Ethylic acid; Vinegar acid; vinegar;
Methanecarboxylic acid. Acetate esters delay the release of a steroid
for only a couple of days. Contrary to what you may have read, acetate
esters do not increase the tendency for fat removal. Again, there is no
known mechanism for it to do so. This ester is used on oral primobolan
tablets (metenolone acetate), Finaplix (trenbolone acetate) implant
pellets, and occasionally testosterone.
Propionate: Chemical Structure C3H6O2.
Also referred to as Carboxyethane; hydroacrylic acid; Methylacetic acid;
Ethylformic acid; Ethanecarboxylic acid; metacetonic acid; pseudoacetic
acid; Propionic Acid. Propionate esters will slow the release of a
steroid for several days. To keep blood levels from fluctuating greatly,
propionate compounds are usually injected two to three times weekly.
Testosterone propionate and methandriol dipropionate (two separate
propionate esters attached to the parent steroid methandriol) are
popular items.
Phenylpropionate: Chemical Structure C9H10O2.
Also referred to as Propionic Acid Phenyl Ester. Phenylpropionate will
extend the release of active steroid a few days longer than propionate.
To keep blood levels even, injections are given at least twice weekly.
Durabolin is the drug most commonly seen with a phenylpropionate ester
(nandrolone phenylpropionate), although it is also used with
testosterone in Sustanon and Omnadren.
Isocarpoate: Chemical Structure C6H12O2.
Also referred to as Isocaproic Acid; isohexanoate; 4-methylvaleric acid.
Isocaproate begins to near enanthate in terms of release. The duration
is still shorter, with a notable hormone level being sustained for
approximately one week. This ester is used with testosterone in the
blended products Sustanon and Omnadren.
Caproate: Chemical Structure C6H12O2.
Also referred to as Hexanoic acid; hexanoate; n-Caproic Acid; n-Hexoic
acid; butylacetic acid; pentiformic acid; pentylformic acid; n-hexylic
acid; 1-pentanecarboxylic acid; hexoic acid; 1-hexanoic acid; Hexylic
acid; Caproic acid. This ester is identical to isocarpoate in terms of
atom count and weight, but is laid out slightly different (Isocaproate
has a split configuration, difficult to explain here but easy to see on
paper). Release duration would be very similar to isocaproate (levels
sustained for approximately one weak), perhaps coming slightly closer to
enanthate due to its straight chain. Caproate is the slowest releasing
ester used in Omnadren, which is why most athletes notice more water
retention with this compound.
Enanthate: Chemical Structure C7H14O2.
Also referred to as heptanoic acid; enanthic acid; enanthylic acid;
heptylic acid; heptoic acid; Oenanthylic acid; Oenanthic acid. Enanthate
is one of the most prominent esters used in steroid manufacture (most
commonly seen with testosterone but is also used in other compounds like
Primobolan Depot). Enanthate will release a steady (yet fluctuating as
all esters are) level of hormone for approximately 10-14 days. Although
in medicine enanthate compounds are often injected on a bi-weekly or
monthly basis, athletes will inject at least weekly to help maintain a
uniform blood level.
Cypionate: Chemical Structure C8H14O2.
Also referred to as Cyclopentylpropionic acid, cyclopentylpropionate.
Cypionate is a very popular ester here in the U.S., although it is
scarcely found outside this region. Its release duration is almost
identical to enanthate (10-14 days), and the two are likewise thought to
be interchangeable in U.S. medicine. Althletes commonly hold the belief
than cypionate is more powerful than enanthate, although realistically
there is little difference between the two. The enanthate ester is in
fact slightly smaller than cypionate, and it therefore releases a small
(perhaps a few milligrams) amount of steroid more in comparison.
Decanoate: Chemical Structure C10H20O2.
Also referred to as decanoic acid; capric acid; caprinic acid; decylic
acid, Nonanecarboxylic acid. The Decanoate ester is most commonly used
with the hormone nandrolone (as in Deca-Durabolin) and is found in
virtually all corners of the world. Testosterone decanoate is also the
longest acting constituent in Sustanon, greatly extending its release
duration. The release time with Decanoate compounds is listed to be as
long as one month, although most recently we are finding that levels
seem to drop significantly after two weeks. To keep blood levels more
uniform, athletes (as they have always known to do) will follow a weekly
injection schedule.
Undecylenate: Chemical Structure C11H20O2.
Also referred to as Undecylenic acid; Hendecenoic acid; Undecenoic acid.
This ester is very similar to decanoate, containing only one carbon atom
more. Its release duration is likewise very similar (approximately 2-3
weeks), perhaps extending a day or so past that seen with decanoate.
Undecylenate seems to be exclusive to the veterinary preparation
Equipoise (boldenone undecylenate), although there is no reason it would
not work well in human-use preparations (Equipoise certainly works fine
for athletes). Again, weekly injections are most common.
Undecanoate: Chemical Structure C11H22O2.
Also referred to as Undecanoic Acid; 1-Decanecarboxylic acid;
Hendecanoic acid; Undecylic acid. Undecanoate is not a commonly found
ester, and only appears to be used in the nandrolone preparation
Dynabolan, and oral testosterone undecanoate (Andriol). Since this ester
is chemically very similar to undecylenate (it is only 2 hydrogen atoms
larger), it has a similar release duration (approximately 2-3 weeks).
Although this ester is used in the oral preparation Andriol, there is no
reason to believe it carries any properties unique of other esters.
Andriol in fact works very poorly at delivering testosterone, bolstering
the idea that oral administration is not the idea use of esterified
androgens.
Laurate: Chemical structure C12H24O2.
Also referred to as Dodecanoic acid, laurostearic acid, duodecyclic
acid, 1-undecanecarboxylic acid, and dodecoic acid. Laurate is the
longest releasing ester used in commercial steroid production, although
longer acting esters do exist. Its release duration would be closer to
one month than the other esters listed above, although realistically we
are probably to expect a notable drop in hormone level after the third
week. Laurate is exclusively found in the veterinary nandrolone
preparation Laurabolin, perhaps seen as slightly advantageous over a
decanoate ester due to a less frequent injection schedule. Again
athletes will most commonly inject this drug weekly, no doubt in part
due to its low strength (25mg/ml or 50mg/ml).
