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Citation: Sedan, Jean. 1939. A propos de deux cas de cataracte par
phenols dinitres. Annales d'Oculistes. 176:191.
Translation Copyright 1996 by Robert Ames. All rights reserved.
Concerning Two Cases of Cataract Caused by Dinitrophenol
By Jean Sedan (Marseille)
The implementation of the treatment for obesity by dinitrophenol
dates only from 1933, the year when it was suddenly and rapidly put
in the limelight by the work of the Americans Tainter, Mehrtens and
Cutting.
These authors have established that the ingestion of dinitrophenol
accelerates metabolism, causing a marked elevation in temperature.
It seemed that dinitrophenol was a specially effective treatment for
obesity. In 1936, Horner estimated that in the first 15 months
following the appearance of the medication in the market, one
hundred thousand persons used it to lose weight.
Incidents and accidents multiplied and appeared sufficiently serious
that the American Medical Association warned the public against the
dangers of unsupervised treatment.
Here we discuss only the case of cataracts, which Horner had said
that it occurs in one case in 1000 treatments. At the end of this
report we will note the principle bibliographic references
concerning the American literature devoted to the subject and which
is of a great value, but we wish to emphasize how the European work
and especially French are on the other hand still rare and even
exceptional.
One can say that it is by the work of Onfray and Gilbert Dreyfus
presented to the Congress of the S.F.O. [Societe Francaise des
Oculistes?] in 1937 that French opthamologists had their attention
drawn to the subject. This remarkably precise work is enriched by
two observations of which one is due to Doctor A. Gallois, of
Besancon. We frequently reference this, for it contains in addition
to minutely observed details, important physio-pathogenic
considerations and a complete history of the subject.
Apart from this work, we should also to point out the observations
of Van de Hoeve and Polak-Daniels published in Holland in 1936, as
well as the French summaries and reviews of Halbron on cataracts and
of Laignel-Lavastine on dinitrophenol intoxication.
Finally, we emphasize the interest of the work of Vogt on the
cataracts caused by dinitrophenol in Switzerland and of G. Ciotola
of those caused by alphadinitrophenol in Italy, both published in
1937. The same year, Stein and Crevecoeur pointed out that in their
opinion this affectation was, when all is said and done, quite rare
if one thinks of the enormous dissemination of dinitro treatment.
This was also the opinion of Andre Mayer, based on the fact that
despite the considerable number of intoxications by dintrophenol
observed in munitions factories, no cases of cataracts have been
noted.
Finally, in 1938, Carlotti and Rivoire de Nice presented a case of
cataract by dintrophenyl-lysidine which developed "with almost
lightning-like rapidity."
*
* *
It was possible for us to observe two very demonstrative cases. In
one there was an arrest of development of opacity after the patient
stopped taking dinitrophenol, which is more than a rarity, a real
exception in the pathological history of dinitrophenol cataracts.
OBSERVATION I. -- Mme. K... Lea, 32 years old presented herself to
me in December 1937 with a marked lowering of the vision of both
eyes, which began a few weeks earlier, developing extremely fast
and was all the more disturbing since she works at a very visual
profession in the editing of a newspaper and as she is especially
partial to this pleasant and remunerative position. I noticed a
beginning of bilateral cataract appearing striated and fleecy
which is found almost constantly in the description of toxic lens
opacities of this kind. The opacity is situated mainly at the
level of the equator of the lens, but also involves the posterior
part of the central mass. The vision is only 4/10 in the right
and 5/10 in the left, these two acuities correctable to 7/10
O.D.G. -- 2.50.
Mme K... thus learned that she was rapidly becoming myopic.
The most minute research were done in view of identifying a
possible cause of this bilateral cataract. All the blood and
urine tests were negative. Very complete clinical examinations by
Doctor P..., referring physician, point to the same conclusion
that it is impossible to relieve Mmme. K...'s pathological process
at all.
It is then that I thought of asking her about the possibility of a
dinitrophenol anti-obesity treatment, even though the corpulence
of my client did not seem excessive. She told me then of having
taken two pills each day of 0.30 grams of dinitrophenol in series
of ten days with a rest of 15 days, for the past year and a half.
She had, without the least dietary restriction, lost 19 kilograms
out of 87 [42 pounds out of 191]. It was at that point that she
began complaining about her vision.
I wasn't aware of the topic at that time except by the short
summaries of American works, but I didn't hesitate to warn her
against what I considered to be the real origin of her sickness.
Very anxious about her state, she was easily convinced and stopped
that therapy suddenly and definitively.
I had the opportunity to see her in March, July and October 1938
and I noticed with great interest the complete arrest in the
development of these catacts, which accompanied in very precise
fashion the progressive and total disappearance of myopia to the
extent that although it was possible to note an appreciable
modification in the lens opacities, the visual acuity was
spontaneously returned to 7/10 (uncorrected) at the end of October
1938.
We add that Mme. K..., doubly happy, very far from regaining
weight in spite of the renunciation of dinitrophenol, had lost
another 5 kilos by a very strict nutritional discipline
complemented with rigorous gymnastic practices and the
introduction into her life of a new intoxification, certainly less
dangerous than the preceeding -- tea.
In this case, the role played by the toxin in the opacification of
the lens seems to us demonstrated in an almost experimental fashion
by the disappearance of the myopia at the moment of the cessation of
the intoxification and even more by the incontestable and enduring
stabilization of the state of opacities that maintained itself for
six months. In contrast, the development was very sudden in a month
before the application of this measure. It is presumed that only the
precocity of the requested medical consultation and of the medical
diagnostic given, has permitted a stop in the development of this
toxic cataract -- a completely unusual phenomenon.
We emphasize that the treatment had included plainly excessive doses
and that however the opacification only appeared late in the
treatment. On this topic remember that in the discussion which
followed the expose made to the S.F.O. in 1937 by MM. Onfray and
Gilbert Dreyfus-Arruga, who had occasion to observe and operate in
America [illegible] ... don't generally appear except at the end of
many months and even sometimes six to twelve months after the
cessation of treatment. These late-developing cataracts are almost
always bilateral.
OBSERVATION II.
[Not included. Summary: A 32 year old woman weighing 90 kg. (198
pounds) began taking dinitrophenol on February 1st, 1937. She
began with 9 to 10 pills daily, each being 30 mg. of DNP. After
a week she increased the dose to 12 pills / day (360 mg.). At
this dosage she lost 800 grams per week, or 10 kg. (22 pounds) in
three months, without changing her diet. She stopped taking DNP
for four months and then began again. So she took 32.4 grams of
DNP in the first 90 days and the same amount in the second
course. American reports indicated that cataracts had resulted
from doses as small as 100 mg. per day for a total of 40 grams.
On June 10th 1938, after several days in a very sunny seaside
resort, the patient began to lose vision in her left eye, and on
July 12th, the other eye was affected. By August 1st she was
unable to see to drive. By September she was blind.
Fortunately, surgery produced favorable results.]
It is necessary, indeed, to publicize cases in order to attract the
attention of physicians and of the French public to the danger of
intoxification by dinitrophenol. The fact that we have been able to
stabilize, if not make regress one cataract of this class by
stopping all toxic ingestion is but another reason which compels us
to make it known.
These arguments and our observations are so needed to challenge
the imagination and influence young women against harmful weight
loss techniques that the work appears discouraging.
Indeed, in ending, we repeat the unlikely remark that our second
patient made to us upon taking leave following the success of her
first operation: "And now, Doctor, do not oppose my taking of
dinitrophenol since I no longer risk having cataracts."
REFERENCES
ALLEN and BENSON. -- Late development of cataracts following use of
dinitrophenol about a year before. JAMA, 1935, V, 105, p. 795.
BARKAN, BORLEY, FINE and BETTMAN. -- Operative results in cataracts
coincident with dinitrophenol therapy. Cal W. Med. 1936, XXXXIV,
p. 360.
BENCE, JONES. -- On the rate of passage of crystalloids into and out
of the vascular and non-vascular textures of the body. Pr. R.
Soc., 1863, London, 14, 400.
BOARDMAN. -- Rapidly developing cataracts after dinitrophenol. JAMA,
1935, CV, p. 108.
CAMERON, cited by HORNER. -- Arch. of opth. 1936, XVI, p. 452.
CARLOTTI and RIVOIRE. -- Sur un cas de cataracte per le
Dinitrophenyllyside. Rev. O.N.O., Nov. 1938, p. 622-624.
CAZENEUVE and LEPINE. -- Sur les effets produits par l'ingestion et
l'injection intraveineuse de trois colorants jaunes derives de la
houille. C.R. Ac. Sc. de Paris, 1885, CI, p. 1, 167.
CIOTOLA (G.). -- Cataracte par alpha-dinitrophenol. Boll. d'Oc., 16,
1937, p. 531.
COGAN D. and COGAN F. -- Dinitrophenol cataract. JAMA, 1935, CV, p.
794.
CUTTING, MEHRTENS, TAINTER. -- Dinitrophenol, not acceptable for
N.N.R. JAMA. 1935, CV, p. 31. (Important bibliography on the
subject).
DALLY. -- Du nouveau sur le dinitrophenol. Concours Med. 1935, L,
p. 3, 491.
EBSTEIN and ROSENBLUM. -- Peripheral neuritis and abortion following
dinitrophenol therapy. J. Lab. an Clin. Med. 1935, XX, p. 1, 118.
GIBBS-Reichert. -- Am. Chem. J., 1891, XIII, p. 289.
GUTZEIT (R.). -- Cure d'obesite et cataracte. Munch. med. Wschr., 2,
1937, p. I.724.
HALBRON. -- Les cataractes apres emploi therapeutique du
dinitrophenol. Sem. des Hopitaux de Paris, XII, 1937, p. 329.
HORNER, JONES, BOARDMAN. -- Cataracts following the use of dinitro.
JAMA, 1935, CV, p. 108.
HORNER. -- Cataracts after dinitrophenol. Ar. of Opth. 1936, XVI,
p. 446-461.
HORNER (W.-D.). -- Cataracts following dinitrophenol treatment for
obesity. Transact. of the opth. sect. of the Amer. Med. Ass.,
1936.
KNISKERN. -- Cataract following dinitrophenol. JAMA, 1935, CV,
p. 794.
KOCH-LEE and TAINTER. -- Dinitrophenol on liver function. Calif. and
W. Med., 1935, XXXXIII, p. 337.
LAIGNEL-LAVASTINE. -- Soc. Med. des Hopit. de Paris, 1937.
LAZAR. -- Cataract following dinitrophenol. JAMA, 1935, CV, p. 794.
LEUTSKER. -- Instance of circulatory collapse attributed to
dinitrophenol. U.S. Nav. Med. Bull., 1935, XXXIII, p. 394.
MAC BRYDE-TAUSIG. -- Functional changes in liver, heart and muscles
loss of dextrose tolerance resulting from dinitrophenol. JAMA,
1935, CV, p. 13.
MAGNE, MAYER, PLANTEFOL, et al. -- Etude sur l'action du
dinitrophenol. An. de Physiol., 1932, CV, p. 12.
NADLER. -- Peripheral neuritis caused by prolonged use of
dinitrophenol. JAMA, 1935, p. 12.
ONFRAY and GILBERT DREYFUS. -- Bull. et Memoires S.F.O., 1937, (I,
pp. 114-128).
ONETO-GALINO-NATALE. -- Developpement de cataracte aux deux yeux,
consequence d'un traitment au dinitrophenol pour amaigrissement.
Soc. Argentin. of., 24 Oct. 1937.
PERKINS. -- A study of munitions intoxication in France. Pub. Health
Rep., 1919, XXXIV, p. 2, 335.
RODIN. -- Cataracts following the use of dinitrophenol. Calif. West
Med. 44.4, 1936, p. 3.
SCHUTES. -- Dinitrophenol. Am. J. Opth., 1935, 18, p. 752.
SPAETH (E.-B.). -- Cataractes dues au dinitrophenol avec symptomes
de tetanie. Am. J. Opth., Apr. 1936, p. 320-323.
STEIN and CREVECOEUR. -- Semaine des Hopitaux de Paris, 15 Dec.
1937.
TAINTER, CUTTING and STOCKTON. -- Use of dinitrophenol in
nutritional disorders. Am. J. Pub. Health., 1934, XXIV, p. 1045.
VAN DER HOEVE and POLAK-DANIELS. -- Cataracte et dinitrophenol.
Nederl. Tijdsch. V. Genessk., I, 1936, no. 2, p. 126.
VOGT (A.). -- La Cataracte par dinitrophenol en Suisse. Schweiz.
Med. Wocst., 76-37, 11 Sep. 1937, p. 873.
WHALMAN. -- Dinitrophenol cataract. Am. J. O., Oct. 1936, XIX,
p. 885.
phenols dinitres. Annales d'Oculistes. 176:191.
Translation Copyright 1996 by Robert Ames. All rights reserved.
Concerning Two Cases of Cataract Caused by Dinitrophenol
By Jean Sedan (Marseille)
The implementation of the treatment for obesity by dinitrophenol
dates only from 1933, the year when it was suddenly and rapidly put
in the limelight by the work of the Americans Tainter, Mehrtens and
Cutting.
These authors have established that the ingestion of dinitrophenol
accelerates metabolism, causing a marked elevation in temperature.
It seemed that dinitrophenol was a specially effective treatment for
obesity. In 1936, Horner estimated that in the first 15 months
following the appearance of the medication in the market, one
hundred thousand persons used it to lose weight.
Incidents and accidents multiplied and appeared sufficiently serious
that the American Medical Association warned the public against the
dangers of unsupervised treatment.
Here we discuss only the case of cataracts, which Horner had said
that it occurs in one case in 1000 treatments. At the end of this
report we will note the principle bibliographic references
concerning the American literature devoted to the subject and which
is of a great value, but we wish to emphasize how the European work
and especially French are on the other hand still rare and even
exceptional.
One can say that it is by the work of Onfray and Gilbert Dreyfus
presented to the Congress of the S.F.O. [Societe Francaise des
Oculistes?] in 1937 that French opthamologists had their attention
drawn to the subject. This remarkably precise work is enriched by
two observations of which one is due to Doctor A. Gallois, of
Besancon. We frequently reference this, for it contains in addition
to minutely observed details, important physio-pathogenic
considerations and a complete history of the subject.
Apart from this work, we should also to point out the observations
of Van de Hoeve and Polak-Daniels published in Holland in 1936, as
well as the French summaries and reviews of Halbron on cataracts and
of Laignel-Lavastine on dinitrophenol intoxication.
Finally, we emphasize the interest of the work of Vogt on the
cataracts caused by dinitrophenol in Switzerland and of G. Ciotola
of those caused by alphadinitrophenol in Italy, both published in
1937. The same year, Stein and Crevecoeur pointed out that in their
opinion this affectation was, when all is said and done, quite rare
if one thinks of the enormous dissemination of dinitro treatment.
This was also the opinion of Andre Mayer, based on the fact that
despite the considerable number of intoxications by dintrophenol
observed in munitions factories, no cases of cataracts have been
noted.
Finally, in 1938, Carlotti and Rivoire de Nice presented a case of
cataract by dintrophenyl-lysidine which developed "with almost
lightning-like rapidity."
*
* *
It was possible for us to observe two very demonstrative cases. In
one there was an arrest of development of opacity after the patient
stopped taking dinitrophenol, which is more than a rarity, a real
exception in the pathological history of dinitrophenol cataracts.
OBSERVATION I. -- Mme. K... Lea, 32 years old presented herself to
me in December 1937 with a marked lowering of the vision of both
eyes, which began a few weeks earlier, developing extremely fast
and was all the more disturbing since she works at a very visual
profession in the editing of a newspaper and as she is especially
partial to this pleasant and remunerative position. I noticed a
beginning of bilateral cataract appearing striated and fleecy
which is found almost constantly in the description of toxic lens
opacities of this kind. The opacity is situated mainly at the
level of the equator of the lens, but also involves the posterior
part of the central mass. The vision is only 4/10 in the right
and 5/10 in the left, these two acuities correctable to 7/10
O.D.G. -- 2.50.
Mme K... thus learned that she was rapidly becoming myopic.
The most minute research were done in view of identifying a
possible cause of this bilateral cataract. All the blood and
urine tests were negative. Very complete clinical examinations by
Doctor P..., referring physician, point to the same conclusion
that it is impossible to relieve Mmme. K...'s pathological process
at all.
It is then that I thought of asking her about the possibility of a
dinitrophenol anti-obesity treatment, even though the corpulence
of my client did not seem excessive. She told me then of having
taken two pills each day of 0.30 grams of dinitrophenol in series
of ten days with a rest of 15 days, for the past year and a half.
She had, without the least dietary restriction, lost 19 kilograms
out of 87 [42 pounds out of 191]. It was at that point that she
began complaining about her vision.
I wasn't aware of the topic at that time except by the short
summaries of American works, but I didn't hesitate to warn her
against what I considered to be the real origin of her sickness.
Very anxious about her state, she was easily convinced and stopped
that therapy suddenly and definitively.
I had the opportunity to see her in March, July and October 1938
and I noticed with great interest the complete arrest in the
development of these catacts, which accompanied in very precise
fashion the progressive and total disappearance of myopia to the
extent that although it was possible to note an appreciable
modification in the lens opacities, the visual acuity was
spontaneously returned to 7/10 (uncorrected) at the end of October
1938.
We add that Mme. K..., doubly happy, very far from regaining
weight in spite of the renunciation of dinitrophenol, had lost
another 5 kilos by a very strict nutritional discipline
complemented with rigorous gymnastic practices and the
introduction into her life of a new intoxification, certainly less
dangerous than the preceeding -- tea.
In this case, the role played by the toxin in the opacification of
the lens seems to us demonstrated in an almost experimental fashion
by the disappearance of the myopia at the moment of the cessation of
the intoxification and even more by the incontestable and enduring
stabilization of the state of opacities that maintained itself for
six months. In contrast, the development was very sudden in a month
before the application of this measure. It is presumed that only the
precocity of the requested medical consultation and of the medical
diagnostic given, has permitted a stop in the development of this
toxic cataract -- a completely unusual phenomenon.
We emphasize that the treatment had included plainly excessive doses
and that however the opacification only appeared late in the
treatment. On this topic remember that in the discussion which
followed the expose made to the S.F.O. in 1937 by MM. Onfray and
Gilbert Dreyfus-Arruga, who had occasion to observe and operate in
America [illegible] ... don't generally appear except at the end of
many months and even sometimes six to twelve months after the
cessation of treatment. These late-developing cataracts are almost
always bilateral.
OBSERVATION II.
[Not included. Summary: A 32 year old woman weighing 90 kg. (198
pounds) began taking dinitrophenol on February 1st, 1937. She
began with 9 to 10 pills daily, each being 30 mg. of DNP. After
a week she increased the dose to 12 pills / day (360 mg.). At
this dosage she lost 800 grams per week, or 10 kg. (22 pounds) in
three months, without changing her diet. She stopped taking DNP
for four months and then began again. So she took 32.4 grams of
DNP in the first 90 days and the same amount in the second
course. American reports indicated that cataracts had resulted
from doses as small as 100 mg. per day for a total of 40 grams.
On June 10th 1938, after several days in a very sunny seaside
resort, the patient began to lose vision in her left eye, and on
July 12th, the other eye was affected. By August 1st she was
unable to see to drive. By September she was blind.
Fortunately, surgery produced favorable results.]
It is necessary, indeed, to publicize cases in order to attract the
attention of physicians and of the French public to the danger of
intoxification by dinitrophenol. The fact that we have been able to
stabilize, if not make regress one cataract of this class by
stopping all toxic ingestion is but another reason which compels us
to make it known.
These arguments and our observations are so needed to challenge
the imagination and influence young women against harmful weight
loss techniques that the work appears discouraging.
Indeed, in ending, we repeat the unlikely remark that our second
patient made to us upon taking leave following the success of her
first operation: "And now, Doctor, do not oppose my taking of
dinitrophenol since I no longer risk having cataracts."
REFERENCES
ALLEN and BENSON. -- Late development of cataracts following use of
dinitrophenol about a year before. JAMA, 1935, V, 105, p. 795.
BARKAN, BORLEY, FINE and BETTMAN. -- Operative results in cataracts
coincident with dinitrophenol therapy. Cal W. Med. 1936, XXXXIV,
p. 360.
BENCE, JONES. -- On the rate of passage of crystalloids into and out
of the vascular and non-vascular textures of the body. Pr. R.
Soc., 1863, London, 14, 400.
BOARDMAN. -- Rapidly developing cataracts after dinitrophenol. JAMA,
1935, CV, p. 108.
CAMERON, cited by HORNER. -- Arch. of opth. 1936, XVI, p. 452.
CARLOTTI and RIVOIRE. -- Sur un cas de cataracte per le
Dinitrophenyllyside. Rev. O.N.O., Nov. 1938, p. 622-624.
CAZENEUVE and LEPINE. -- Sur les effets produits par l'ingestion et
l'injection intraveineuse de trois colorants jaunes derives de la
houille. C.R. Ac. Sc. de Paris, 1885, CI, p. 1, 167.
CIOTOLA (G.). -- Cataracte par alpha-dinitrophenol. Boll. d'Oc., 16,
1937, p. 531.
COGAN D. and COGAN F. -- Dinitrophenol cataract. JAMA, 1935, CV, p.
794.
CUTTING, MEHRTENS, TAINTER. -- Dinitrophenol, not acceptable for
N.N.R. JAMA. 1935, CV, p. 31. (Important bibliography on the
subject).
DALLY. -- Du nouveau sur le dinitrophenol. Concours Med. 1935, L,
p. 3, 491.
EBSTEIN and ROSENBLUM. -- Peripheral neuritis and abortion following
dinitrophenol therapy. J. Lab. an Clin. Med. 1935, XX, p. 1, 118.
GIBBS-Reichert. -- Am. Chem. J., 1891, XIII, p. 289.
GUTZEIT (R.). -- Cure d'obesite et cataracte. Munch. med. Wschr., 2,
1937, p. I.724.
HALBRON. -- Les cataractes apres emploi therapeutique du
dinitrophenol. Sem. des Hopitaux de Paris, XII, 1937, p. 329.
HORNER, JONES, BOARDMAN. -- Cataracts following the use of dinitro.
JAMA, 1935, CV, p. 108.
HORNER. -- Cataracts after dinitrophenol. Ar. of Opth. 1936, XVI,
p. 446-461.
HORNER (W.-D.). -- Cataracts following dinitrophenol treatment for
obesity. Transact. of the opth. sect. of the Amer. Med. Ass.,
1936.
KNISKERN. -- Cataract following dinitrophenol. JAMA, 1935, CV,
p. 794.
KOCH-LEE and TAINTER. -- Dinitrophenol on liver function. Calif. and
W. Med., 1935, XXXXIII, p. 337.
LAIGNEL-LAVASTINE. -- Soc. Med. des Hopit. de Paris, 1937.
LAZAR. -- Cataract following dinitrophenol. JAMA, 1935, CV, p. 794.
LEUTSKER. -- Instance of circulatory collapse attributed to
dinitrophenol. U.S. Nav. Med. Bull., 1935, XXXIII, p. 394.
MAC BRYDE-TAUSIG. -- Functional changes in liver, heart and muscles
loss of dextrose tolerance resulting from dinitrophenol. JAMA,
1935, CV, p. 13.
MAGNE, MAYER, PLANTEFOL, et al. -- Etude sur l'action du
dinitrophenol. An. de Physiol., 1932, CV, p. 12.
NADLER. -- Peripheral neuritis caused by prolonged use of
dinitrophenol. JAMA, 1935, p. 12.
ONFRAY and GILBERT DREYFUS. -- Bull. et Memoires S.F.O., 1937, (I,
pp. 114-128).
ONETO-GALINO-NATALE. -- Developpement de cataracte aux deux yeux,
consequence d'un traitment au dinitrophenol pour amaigrissement.
Soc. Argentin. of., 24 Oct. 1937.
PERKINS. -- A study of munitions intoxication in France. Pub. Health
Rep., 1919, XXXIV, p. 2, 335.
RODIN. -- Cataracts following the use of dinitrophenol. Calif. West
Med. 44.4, 1936, p. 3.
SCHUTES. -- Dinitrophenol. Am. J. Opth., 1935, 18, p. 752.
SPAETH (E.-B.). -- Cataractes dues au dinitrophenol avec symptomes
de tetanie. Am. J. Opth., Apr. 1936, p. 320-323.
STEIN and CREVECOEUR. -- Semaine des Hopitaux de Paris, 15 Dec.
1937.
TAINTER, CUTTING and STOCKTON. -- Use of dinitrophenol in
nutritional disorders. Am. J. Pub. Health., 1934, XXIV, p. 1045.
VAN DER HOEVE and POLAK-DANIELS. -- Cataracte et dinitrophenol.
Nederl. Tijdsch. V. Genessk., I, 1936, no. 2, p. 126.
VOGT (A.). -- La Cataracte par dinitrophenol en Suisse. Schweiz.
Med. Wocst., 76-37, 11 Sep. 1937, p. 873.
WHALMAN. -- Dinitrophenol cataract. Am. J. O., Oct. 1936, XIX,
p. 885.
