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genezapharmateuticals
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Research Chemical SciencesUGFREAKeudomestic
napsgeargenezapharmateuticals domestic-supplypuritysourcelabsResearch Chemical SciencesUGFREAKeudomestic

L-Arginine Vs. A-AKG Vs. Citrulline Malate

nukdae

New member
Anyone have the skinny on which of these are best for NO2 (and the pumps it creates)?

A-AKG = Arginine Alpha Keto Glutarate (allegedly more bioavailable than L-Arginine? They claim you need a far smaller dose.)

Cirtulline is supposedly one step closer to NO2 production than Arginine. Is this true?

Will stacking these together have a synergistic effect? Or would it be better to just take one of them in a high enough dosage?

Anyone know for sure?

Nukdae
 
The major effect of citrulline malate is that it promotes the regeneration of ATP

SEE ABSTRACT BELOW:

ABSTRACT

Background: Previous studies have shown an antiasthenic effect of citrulline/malate (CM) but the mechanism of action at the muscular level remains unknown.

Objective: To investigate the effects of CM supplementation on muscle energetics.

Methods: Eighteen men complaining of fatigue but with no documented disease were included in the study. A rest-exercise (finger flexions)-recovery protocol was performed twice before (D-7 and D0), three times during (D3, D8, D15), and once after (D22) 15 days of oral supplementation with 6 g/day CM. Metabolism of the flexor digitorum superficialis was analysed by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 4.7 T.

Results: Metabolic variables measured twice before CM ingestion showed no differences, indicating good reproducibility of measurements and no learning effect from repeating the exercise protocol. CM ingestion resulted in a significant reduction in the sensation of fatigue, a 34% increase in the rate of oxidative ATP production during exercise, and a 20% increase in the rate of phosphocreatine recovery after exercise, indicating a larger contribution of oxidative ATP synthesis to energy production. Considering subjects individually and variables characterising aerobic function, extrema were measured after either eight or 15 days of treatment, indicating chronological heterogeneity of treatment induced changes. One way analysis of variance confirmed improved aerobic function, which may be the result of an enhanced malate supply activating ATP production from the tricarboxylic acid cycle through anaplerotic reactions.

Conclusion: The changes in muscle metabolism produced by CM treatment indicate that CM may promote aerobic energy production.



HERE ARE SOME OTHER ABSTRACTS CONCERNING CITRULINE MALATE:


ABSTRACTS:

Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial of Citrulline Malate in Geriatrics
M. Carbasse, Regional Teaching HospitalCenter, Nimes, France.

This double blind placebo controlled randomized trial thus refined and confirmed the results of an earlier open study with citrulline malate, confirming the efficacy of the preparation against the clinical manifestation of cerebral aging. Stimolฎis therefore felt to be of particular value in geriatrics for the following:

High level of safety

High level of acceptability

Ease of administration

And above all, rapidity of action. Results were clinically detectable by the 3rd or 4th and at least the 5th day of treatment. There was an improvement in skin color and a higher level of conscious awareness. While it is difficult at the present time to confirm a favorable effect on individual items (with the exception of vigilance), patients felt better and often reported this spontaneously. If no result is found after two weeks of treatment, it is felt to be of no value to continue. The action of the majority of pharmaceutical preparations aimed at improving cerebral function or oxygenation is far less rapid and clear cut.

Analysis of the Activity of Stimolฎ, Double Blind Trial on Fatigue.
F. Commandre. La Vie Medicale, April 3,l978.

Assessment of the efficacy of an antifatigue medicine is possible only by use of a meticulous methodological approach. It was with this in mind that the study reported here was undertaken, its objective being to evaluate the antifatigue activity of Stimolฎ by comparing it with a placebo. Stimolฎ, or citrulline malate is supplied in the form of 10 ml oral ampoules, prescribed at the dose of 3 per day for two weeks. The active ingredients are DL-malic acid and L-Citrulline (20g/100 ml). The cohort treated in this double blind study trial included 39 patients of both genders with a mean age of around 66 years. Dosage composed of 6 grams daily for 2 weeks. Fatigue in these patients was very markedly improved by Stimolฎ. Evidence was found of a statistically significant (P<.02) difference between the two groups with a 75% success rate for the active substance compared to 36.8% effectiveness for the placebo.

Evaluation of Stimolฎ In The Treatment Of Surgical Patient Fatigue
J. Taillade, Biocodex Laboratories, Paris France

Whatever the operation involved, surgery puts a patient under considerable stress: There is an element of psychological assault, with anguish, distress and insomnia, but there is also the physical assault of the act of surgery itself and the specific illness surrounding it, which is distinct from the underlying pathology being treated. Thus “the fact that a patient is tired after surgery, and that his or her tiredness is proportional to the surgery he or she has undergone, has long been accepted by the general public, and indeed is the justification invoked for post-operative rest.” There may be many causes of post-operative fatigue, but it is certain that the stress involved produces an increased and profound disturbance in catabolism: thus abnormalities in glucose breakdown have been demonstrated after surgery, with an accumulation of toxic metabolites such as pyruvate and lactate. Citrulline malate (Stimolฎ) is indicated in the treatment of physical fatigue, based on evidence from a number of studies, including several controlled trials. Malate conditions the recycling of lactate and pyruvate, while taking part, via its position in the tricarboxylic cycle, in the supply of immediately available energy. The citrulline fraction takes part in the elimination of the amino acid breakdown products of protein metabolism.

Activity of Citrulline Malate on Acid-Base Balance and Blood Ammonia and Amino Acid Levels Study In The Animal And In Man
A. Callis, B. Magnan de Bornier, J.J. Serrano, H. Bellet, and R. Saumade

An experimental evaluation of citrulline malate (Stimolฎ) CAS 54940-97, an antifatigue compound, was undertaken in man and in animal to study the pharmacological activity of the substance at hepatic and renal level. In man, the protocol involved a double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over technique.
The study in the animal was blind and placebo-controlled with two randomized parallel groups. Results showed that citrulline malate stimulates hepatic ureogenesis and favors the renal reabsorption of bicarbonates. These metabolic actions had a protective effect against acidosis and ammonia poisoning and explain the antifatigue properties of citrulline malate in man.

I spoke to Christian Finn, a leading researcher on exercise physiology/nutrition as related to cycling- he said that he did get a notable improvement in stamina. However, I don't know for sure, whether this would translate into improved performance in the gym.
 
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