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THE SCIENCE OF WINNING ACCORDING TO VASILI ALEXEYEV
by Dmitry Ivanov
The main thing in a record holder's life is work. In my opinion, it is
particularly a profoundly thought-out creative individual training regimen
which allowed Alexeyev to build his fantastically strong and voluminous
muscles and to strengthen his will. But, most important, is his character!
When I asked Vasili the reasons for his constant victories, he thought a bit
and answered: "If I want something. I will definitely achieve it. No matter
what I have to sacrifice ... The more complex the situaation, the more
threatening my rivals, the more I spread my wings in defiance of everything.
You want to know the principles of my training? That, forgive me, is a
secret . . . I'm joking, of course. I don't like to speak about this subject
because some people won't understand what I'm talking about while others
will say I'm bragging, as if to say', 'He's become a champion and he's
making it up'...
"But then I see that many on the team are already working in my way. Theirs,
however, is a copy - not the original. Even though the copy may be a good
one it will always be a step away from the original. You see, the question
is not one of strength, not one of talent. It's a matter of what's in the
head. In the physical sense you should, you need to work very hard, but with
the nerves-- less . . ."
At different stages Alexeyev was helped by trainers and he listened to their
opinions . . . but only up to a point, to a limit. There was his first
teacher Simon Mileiko, and then Alexander Chuzhin. Rudolf Plyukfelder, it's
felt, also played a definite part. And Vasili also took something from the
trainers of the Soviet team. Especially from Arkady Vorobyev. However, he
was not a blind follower of orders given from the sidelines.
All these last years, Alexeyev has been training on his own using his own
method which can't be found in any textbook. All the books say that to
achieve great results you have to train vigorously, often lifting maximum
weights. But Alexeyev considers this a harmful mistake. More than one book
could be written about Alexeyev's method of winning and I imagine he will
write them. Here I will quote some snatches from his words on this subject
taken from our many chats over the years:
"There is much talk about the art of training. But there is nothing
concrete. I myself keep searching for a rational method. Constantly. But
generally I train differently from anyone else ...
"Here they've put up a lot of mirrors in the gyms. They're good for
furniture but not for training. When an athlete looks into the mirror he
gets away from himself; instead he should be totally focused. In the mirror
you'll see nothing but your image. This means that you won't understand and
won't pick up the technique of exercise, you won't make sense out of the
method. My advice during training is to think, think, think! ...
"What upsets me is that the method of training used by an overwhelming
number of weightlifters, in spite of the amazing growth in records, is still
at the same point it was in the fifties. For example, you want to improve
your technique on the snatch-you practice the snatch; the jerk--you practice
the jerk. I tell them to correct their mistakes differently--to strengthen
separate groups of muscles. A simple example: an athlete is having trouble
with the snatch. They advise him to start differently, to change his grip on
the barbell--wider or narrower. But it turns out that it's enough to build
up a group of muscles which 'do the trick' with the maximum effort and he
gets better results ...
"We often see the effect but not the cause of what's lacking. If an athlete
doesn't know how to jerk, he's not going to learn this only by jerking. But
if he were to do some necessary exercises in order to strengthen a group of
muscles (those necessary for the jerk) then he will get results. No one
seems to understand that even though an exercise does not 'lie' right next
to the jerk, it influences, it gives you the jerk . . .
"Everyone supposes that my method is good for heavyweights. It's good for
anyone who wants to build up the strength of their muscles . . .
"My method is aimed at increasing the double sum total. We have many
outstanding weightlifters in the gyms ... but very few at the competitions.
Why? Well, because one must know how to 'deliver' one's strength on the
competing platform. The object of today's trainers is not to teach an
athlete the correct way to lift a barbell. Most important, he must teach him
to reason and make important decisions independently. Without thought
there's no creation. And without creation, progress in our difficult work is
impossible ...
"It seems to me that some of the talented athletes lack one thing--they
haven't had an injury. That's right. An injury that will put them out of
commission for a year during which time they'll have a chance to weigh
every- thing. I, too, would not be where I am if I had not injured my back.
I suffered for a year and a half thinking everything over ... After a
misfortune, people pull through and become, if possible, great people--and
sportsmen. in particular. Those who are stronger find their way out and to
the top ...
"Do I worry? Well, of course. If you don't worry, you'll never succeed at
anything. In sports, without the excitement of daring you don't get either
victory or records. When I'm too calm before a competition, I rouse myself
with hot coffee. The pulse must be beating--no less than 18 times in ten
seconds ...
" Excitement before competition is very dangerous. I, of course, have felt
it. Sometimes I calm myself--everything happens as it must, and so what
happens will happen. I must win, because I have a solid supply of strength
...
"Waiting causes the most anxiety. The heavyweights wait the longest, they
put the final touch on the championships. Usually, I do this. And while the
others are competing, I can barely stand the noise of the barbells, the
monotonous voice of the judge. Everything irritates me and annoys me. In
addition to this, I worry about the team. This puts a lot of strain on my
will . . .
'They say that the strongest wins. But the strongest in what way? I
remember, at the time of the championships in Lima, that Reding in training
lifted record weights. He had acquired a terrific strength and huge muscles,
but he lost to me even though he was physically stronger. Why? Serge and I
had different ways of training. Others thought for him. He carried out the
suggestions of his coach, Dupont. Roughly speaking, Reding took in 'the
science of winning' though his ears. And this showed when he was on his own
with the barbell. But, as for me, I thought for myself. Serge also lost
because he wanted to beat me. That's all he thought about. He worried
constantly and burned himself out before he even got to the platform . . .
For me the most important thing is to beat myself, to lift the barbell that
up to this point I have not yet lifted. My rivals don't worry me very much.
It's good when your competitors are strong and bad when they are weak. The
same Reding, now dead, when he appeared without me, beat the records every
time. And I treated him respectfully because he always kept me in shape. Now
Enaldiev, Rachmanov, Plachkov, and Bonk do the same ...
"There was a time when I was overcome with anxiety, when I rarely competed
so that I was losing a sense of the platform. But when I started appearing
often and with a lot of gusto, my self-confidence returned, and with that
records and victories. Now, with a solid backlog of experience, I appear on
the platform less frequently. But for the time being I've not lost my
fighting qualities. Any competition is a holiday for me. During my training
sessions, I get up an enormous appetite to lift the heaviest barbell and to
set a record. Other times, honest, I think to mvself: train with weights of
150 to 200 kilograms, how will I push 250? But I firmly believe in success
and know exactly how much I am going to pick up in my second turn--the first
I do for the team ...
"At the championship, I am in a proper fighting mood. When I put on my
outfit and my shoes, this very process transforms me. I become more
energetic, more excited. It's here that it's important not to lose your
head, you should compete as much as possible with sense ...
"What advice can I give to the young ones who come out onto the platform
with their teeth chattering from nerves? First, you must enter a competition
well prepared. And for this you must train sensibly; you must work on
yourself physically but save your nerves. It doesn't pay to get excited over
nothing while training, to show off your courage, to swagger. Save this
charge for the contest. And then be alert when you go up to the barbell . .
. And, to be frank, even I with all my experience, am sometimes very
nervous--you cant imagine ...
"I have observed that many train without sense. They do a great deal of work
for nothing. For example, Falev, an athlete on the Soviet team weighing 110
kilograms, does squats with a barbell weighing 320 kilograms. I don't use
one weighing more than 270. There is a difference of 50 kilograms in his
favor. But he jerks 220, while I jerk 256. Thus, it turns out that the
result in the classical exercise is not determined by the strength of the
legs ...
"In order to avoid noise, I used to train alone. Now, I go out among the
people. I show the youngsters the whys and wherefors. I tell them how to
polish up their technique. Naturally, this is more tiring since I also train
myself."
Usually the great champions, while they are still active, hide their methods
of training. Alexeyev is not like that. It would seem that it would not be
to his advantage to share his experiences with young heavyweights, potential
rivals, with those who are already striving to replace him. However, Vasili
doesn't refuse anyone his help.
"I can't do otherwise. What kind of team captain would I be if I watched the
methods and technical mistakes of my teammates with indifference?"
My conviction that Alexeyev's priceless experience will not be lost was
strengthened when I saw that at the end of 1976 he conducted a trial
get-together at the Podolsk sports base to train the young heavyweiahts. I
won't try to describe in depth Alexevev's method (he has written about it in
his dissertation as a science degree candidate) but I'll explain the reason
for its great effectiveness.
Usually the athletes lift barbells and then immediately drop them. This
takes several seconds. According to Alexeyev's method, the sportsman finds
himself under the weight for a period of two or three minutes. The entire
organism must sustain this prolonged effort, as the athlete completes
several consecutive exercises without letting go of the equipment. The
weight of the barbell is relatively light, but the varied work with it
affects every muscle cell.
By the end of the two-week session, all Alexeyev's students had increased
their bodyweights as a result of muscle growth and at the same time they'd
increased their abilities. Here is what Sultan Rachmanov said: "At first I
trained in mv own way. I didn't believe that Alexeyev's advice would help
me. Now I believe ... My shoulders, my back, everything is filling up with
strength. There is this to consider. Not everything will come my way, but
I'll take the most important! (At the USSR championships in Karaganda,
Rachmanov, who up until then had not been a 400 man, became the third prize
winner with the distin- guished sum of 420 kilograms. In the fall this
athlete took the USSR record in the snatch. And who is to know, perhaps he
will be the successor to the glory of the hero of the Munich and Montreal
Olympic Games!)
Each of Alexeyev's students noted that thanks to this unusual system of
working they have acquired a good amount of self-confidence in their own
strength. Yes, and I too have noticed with what incredible ease the athletes
picked up the 160-kilo barbell in the snatch at the end of the training
session.
The 1976 annual Heavy Athletics ran a detailed article which Alexeyev called
"The Experience of My Training.' In this first scientific publication of the
strongest athlete, the author refutes some unsound (although they've existed
for ten years) methodological concepts about how to develop strength in
athletes of the heavyweight class.
He writes: "In the first years I trained according to the accepted methods.
But then, from 1966, I decided to significantly increase the size of my
training weight. This immediately brought results. By the end of 1967, I had
gained 32.5 kilograms in my triple sum total and by the end of 1968--42.5
kilograms. For athletes of the superheavyweight class, the average rate of
growth had by this time significantly increased."
Vasili includes a great variety of exercises in his training. "Besides
exercises in the-· snatch, jerk, or press, pull and squats, I have used many
other exercises with the barbell and weights. Bends with the barbell on the
shoulders; bends with the barbell on the shoulders while Iving on the
'horse' bracing one's hips, with the legs secured; jumps with the barbell on
your shoulders; press on crossbars with weights; bending and unbending the
arms in the elbow joints; squats on one leg; throwing the bar upward and
behind; and other exercises. In addition, in the first year of the time span
analyzed, these exercises consisted of, on the average, 360 lifts in the
preparatory period and 158 lifts during the competition period. In the
second year, correspondingly 841 and 506 lifts, and in the third 880 lifts a
month."
And here is the conclusion that Alexevev drew at the end of his studies:
"The method of training I have used can be recommended to athletes of the
heavyweight class, and also to those sportsmen, whose bodyweight does not
correspond to the height specifications. Young athletes should not inhibit
the growth of their bodyweight. They should be more courageous about
entering their proper weight class ...
"One of the conditions for fast growth in the scores of future athletes of
heavyweight classes is the completion of large amounts of exercises with the
barbell and other weights. The problem is that beginning athletes of the
light or middle weight, in order to become first-class athletes, must
increase their muscle mass by approximately 25 percent. For heavyweights
it's 50 percent and more. The growth of the muscle mass is directly
dependent on the amount of the training loads . . .
"It is also important to note that you can achieve high scores at
competitions by decreasing to a minimum the lifting of barbells of maximum
weight in the snatch and jerk exercises, by significantly decreasing the
number of lifts of the barbell with big weights."
I don't doubt that in the near future the mining engineer Vasili Alexeyev
will successfully conclude his graduate study as a correspondence student in
the institute of physical culture and will become a graduate in pedagogical
studies.
He will probably change his qualifications because he already considers
himself outside weightlifting. He will become a coach. A good one! But for
the moment, Alexeyev is thinking about his third victory at the Olympic
Games.
I asked the champion how he was able in 18 years of training to "grow" more
than 70 kilograms of muscle?
"Earlier I didn't lift less than 20 tons. More often the daily load was 25
to 30 tons. What's more, these aren't the same tons that our 'boys' lift
today. You have to multiply their tons by two or three; that's the factor of
difficultv which I applied in my exercises. If necessarv, I would even now
be ready to lift 40 tons in one training session ...
"Besides, speaking about the physical makeup of heavyweights, some experts
feel that the ability to get high scores should be combined with the
development of a trim figure. I have departed from this quite a bit. What is
the weakest part of a person's constitution? You don't know? In my opinion,
the part of the spine at the waist. And I constantly reinforce it by growing
a 'corset' with my muscles. Yes, we superheavyweights are not too pretty to
look at, but our body makeup is expedient for picking up record barbells."
"I'll have time to work on my figure when I retire from weightlifting,"
Vasili said smiling. "For the moment, I do and will continue to do only that
which makes me stronger. I notice some talented athletes spend more time
building their muscles for the sake of form and that this muscular
development impedes their abilitv to lift maximum weights. They aren't too
concerned with their ability to defend the honor of Soviet sports abroad.
What is the sense of their beautiful figures?!"
"My task for the future is quite clear," explains Alexeyev. "It is to create
in Ryazan, where I have settled, a center for weightlifting. To get some
coaches and help them. I'll develop a method for each different age group--
from the beginning to maturity. I've tried out everything on myself ...
Maybe, I'll invite some boys with potential to Ryazan, boys who don't have
coaches or suitable condi- tions for training. I don't mean this would be to
lure them away. We are still behind in many weight classes. I would like to
work, and I have no profit motive ...
"For the time being I still want to win and set records. I love this
occupation. I respect weightlifting. It teaches you to master the art and at
the necessary moment to organize yourself. It's because I feel so 'in love'
with the barbell that I gave it the best years of my life. For me sport is
life. Hemingway put it well when he wrote: 'Sport teaches you to win
honestly. Sport teaches you to lose with dignity. In a word, sport teaches
you life'...
"There is no point in denying that for the sportsman, as for the artist,
recognition is a necessity. A good artist controls his public. The sportsman
first causes his public to be amazed, then to worry about their idol, and
finally to love him for his skill, his strength, and his courage. One wants
to startle the world with something incredible. Then they recognize you. For
this it is worth working like a dog. Especially since in our time, it
becomes more and more difficult to surprise anybody ...
"When I joined the weightlifting section, there were no sharp definitions
between the methods of training. I was not used to training mechanically and
I didn't like this. I began to think for myself, how to organize an
effective system of training. I knew from my own experience that with
stubborn effort one can do anything. I didn`t spare myself. I worked with
maximum weights, analyzed my situation, and again began training. I invented
many things myself. For example, I began to work a great deal with the
barbell in the water. I searched and experimented...and here is the result.
I made my way from 500 to 600 kilograms in three years. From then on I
wanted to be first ...
"At 28 I set my first record, having had a solid physical preparation. I
ran, jumped, played volleyball--with a first- class sports strength. At the
age of 12 I began to train with homemade barbells. They are still to be
found in my mother's yard. All of them weigh more than two tons. I didn't
think of any records. I always respected strength in people and I wanted to
have it myself. What boy doesn't want to be strong and skillful? I'm sure
there isn`t one."
"Isn't the cultivation of one's physical abilities detri- mental to the
development of the mind?" I once asked Alexeyev and showed him a quotation
from the magazine Bicyclist, which was published in Petersburg in the last
century. "To make a man an athlete and at the same time a man of learning is
simply impossible. In order to regulate the body in accordance with
physiological law it is neces- sary for the physical work to be in reverse
proportion to the intellectual work. Only in view of these circumstances,
instead of opposition, can one achieve the desired balance. . .
"There is some truth in this," agreed Vasili. "I have known from my own
experience how difficult it is to read even entertaining literature after a
hard training session. I can never sit too long in one place. It's torture
for me. I absolutely must move. Therefore it`s not easy for us to study. And
yet all Soviet athletes get a higher education. But they lay certain claims
on us. Some would like to see the big sportsman as a well-rounded
intellectual. But this doesn't happen in reality. Take any scholar, dig a
bit and you will find that in many things he is an ignoramous."
"Do you think about leaving sports?"
"I clearly understand that I won't be around forever. But I still have the
desire to compete and compete. Even though I soon will be 36 and age in
sports is critical. I have outlasted and I think I will still outlast some
of the younger 'old men' who don't know how to compete. I've outlived
Patera, Dube, Reding, and Mang..."
"Our youth is now'coming up' "
"Whom do you have in mind?"
"Enaldiev, Rachmanov . . . "
"What kind of youth is this--they are about 30. It's me who is young and
coming up. But you can't make comparisons with me. I am no worse now than I
was in 1970 when I was 28 years old."
"And yet is there a reason to remain on the competing platform? After all,
your remaining in sports keeps you from making progress in the industrial
field."
"Sometimes I worry about this. When I was just a Master of Sports, they
offered me a choice--rather, thev advised me to 'drop' the barbells because
my absences from work (while at the contests) interfered with my job. At the
factory I worked with zeal and at the Kotlas paper works they appreciated
me. They wanted me to become a technical expert. But I wanted to achieve
great things in sports and I refused the tempting offer. I found work which
allowed me to spend more time with the barbells. I was not wrong in my
choice. I don't regret anything. Even though, of course, I've missed some
things. I imagine that if I had not gotten so passionately involved in
sports, I might have had more success at the factory where they also
appreciated me. My principle is to work honestly.''
It is difficult to approach Alexeyev. But in rare mo- ments of frankness,
it's a real pleasure to chat with him and listen to him. He has a tendency
to be too stern and at times he is somewhat unfair to our friend the
journalist. But it seems he can't be any other way.
Once a famous pilot and hero of the Soviet Union, Georgi Mosolov, talking
about heroic deeds, wrote: "The strength of the muscles, as if blending with
the strength of the will, makes for a third strength, the strength that
helps sportsmen set phenomenal world records. That is the very strength
people find in themselves, people who have crossed a limit that until then
had been considered impossible."
The Russian giant has passed that boundary 80 times! Sometimes he fought for
victory (in spite of himself) and won. In these moments Vasili Alexeyev was
saved by the main component--the third strength--the indomitable will.
THE SCIENCE OF WINNING ACCORDING TO VASILI ALEXEYEV
by Dmitry Ivanov
The main thing in a record holder's life is work. In my opinion, it is
particularly a profoundly thought-out creative individual training regimen
which allowed Alexeyev to build his fantastically strong and voluminous
muscles and to strengthen his will. But, most important, is his character!
When I asked Vasili the reasons for his constant victories, he thought a bit
and answered: "If I want something. I will definitely achieve it. No matter
what I have to sacrifice ... The more complex the situaation, the more
threatening my rivals, the more I spread my wings in defiance of everything.
You want to know the principles of my training? That, forgive me, is a
secret . . . I'm joking, of course. I don't like to speak about this subject
because some people won't understand what I'm talking about while others
will say I'm bragging, as if to say', 'He's become a champion and he's
making it up'...
"But then I see that many on the team are already working in my way. Theirs,
however, is a copy - not the original. Even though the copy may be a good
one it will always be a step away from the original. You see, the question
is not one of strength, not one of talent. It's a matter of what's in the
head. In the physical sense you should, you need to work very hard, but with
the nerves-- less . . ."
At different stages Alexeyev was helped by trainers and he listened to their
opinions . . . but only up to a point, to a limit. There was his first
teacher Simon Mileiko, and then Alexander Chuzhin. Rudolf Plyukfelder, it's
felt, also played a definite part. And Vasili also took something from the
trainers of the Soviet team. Especially from Arkady Vorobyev. However, he
was not a blind follower of orders given from the sidelines.
All these last years, Alexeyev has been training on his own using his own
method which can't be found in any textbook. All the books say that to
achieve great results you have to train vigorously, often lifting maximum
weights. But Alexeyev considers this a harmful mistake. More than one book
could be written about Alexeyev's method of winning and I imagine he will
write them. Here I will quote some snatches from his words on this subject
taken from our many chats over the years:
"There is much talk about the art of training. But there is nothing
concrete. I myself keep searching for a rational method. Constantly. But
generally I train differently from anyone else ...
"Here they've put up a lot of mirrors in the gyms. They're good for
furniture but not for training. When an athlete looks into the mirror he
gets away from himself; instead he should be totally focused. In the mirror
you'll see nothing but your image. This means that you won't understand and
won't pick up the technique of exercise, you won't make sense out of the
method. My advice during training is to think, think, think! ...
"What upsets me is that the method of training used by an overwhelming
number of weightlifters, in spite of the amazing growth in records, is still
at the same point it was in the fifties. For example, you want to improve
your technique on the snatch-you practice the snatch; the jerk--you practice
the jerk. I tell them to correct their mistakes differently--to strengthen
separate groups of muscles. A simple example: an athlete is having trouble
with the snatch. They advise him to start differently, to change his grip on
the barbell--wider or narrower. But it turns out that it's enough to build
up a group of muscles which 'do the trick' with the maximum effort and he
gets better results ...
"We often see the effect but not the cause of what's lacking. If an athlete
doesn't know how to jerk, he's not going to learn this only by jerking. But
if he were to do some necessary exercises in order to strengthen a group of
muscles (those necessary for the jerk) then he will get results. No one
seems to understand that even though an exercise does not 'lie' right next
to the jerk, it influences, it gives you the jerk . . .
"Everyone supposes that my method is good for heavyweights. It's good for
anyone who wants to build up the strength of their muscles . . .
"My method is aimed at increasing the double sum total. We have many
outstanding weightlifters in the gyms ... but very few at the competitions.
Why? Well, because one must know how to 'deliver' one's strength on the
competing platform. The object of today's trainers is not to teach an
athlete the correct way to lift a barbell. Most important, he must teach him
to reason and make important decisions independently. Without thought
there's no creation. And without creation, progress in our difficult work is
impossible ...
"It seems to me that some of the talented athletes lack one thing--they
haven't had an injury. That's right. An injury that will put them out of
commission for a year during which time they'll have a chance to weigh
every- thing. I, too, would not be where I am if I had not injured my back.
I suffered for a year and a half thinking everything over ... After a
misfortune, people pull through and become, if possible, great people--and
sportsmen. in particular. Those who are stronger find their way out and to
the top ...
"Do I worry? Well, of course. If you don't worry, you'll never succeed at
anything. In sports, without the excitement of daring you don't get either
victory or records. When I'm too calm before a competition, I rouse myself
with hot coffee. The pulse must be beating--no less than 18 times in ten
seconds ...
" Excitement before competition is very dangerous. I, of course, have felt
it. Sometimes I calm myself--everything happens as it must, and so what
happens will happen. I must win, because I have a solid supply of strength
...
"Waiting causes the most anxiety. The heavyweights wait the longest, they
put the final touch on the championships. Usually, I do this. And while the
others are competing, I can barely stand the noise of the barbells, the
monotonous voice of the judge. Everything irritates me and annoys me. In
addition to this, I worry about the team. This puts a lot of strain on my
will . . .
'They say that the strongest wins. But the strongest in what way? I
remember, at the time of the championships in Lima, that Reding in training
lifted record weights. He had acquired a terrific strength and huge muscles,
but he lost to me even though he was physically stronger. Why? Serge and I
had different ways of training. Others thought for him. He carried out the
suggestions of his coach, Dupont. Roughly speaking, Reding took in 'the
science of winning' though his ears. And this showed when he was on his own
with the barbell. But, as for me, I thought for myself. Serge also lost
because he wanted to beat me. That's all he thought about. He worried
constantly and burned himself out before he even got to the platform . . .
For me the most important thing is to beat myself, to lift the barbell that
up to this point I have not yet lifted. My rivals don't worry me very much.
It's good when your competitors are strong and bad when they are weak. The
same Reding, now dead, when he appeared without me, beat the records every
time. And I treated him respectfully because he always kept me in shape. Now
Enaldiev, Rachmanov, Plachkov, and Bonk do the same ...
"There was a time when I was overcome with anxiety, when I rarely competed
so that I was losing a sense of the platform. But when I started appearing
often and with a lot of gusto, my self-confidence returned, and with that
records and victories. Now, with a solid backlog of experience, I appear on
the platform less frequently. But for the time being I've not lost my
fighting qualities. Any competition is a holiday for me. During my training
sessions, I get up an enormous appetite to lift the heaviest barbell and to
set a record. Other times, honest, I think to mvself: train with weights of
150 to 200 kilograms, how will I push 250? But I firmly believe in success
and know exactly how much I am going to pick up in my second turn--the first
I do for the team ...
"At the championship, I am in a proper fighting mood. When I put on my
outfit and my shoes, this very process transforms me. I become more
energetic, more excited. It's here that it's important not to lose your
head, you should compete as much as possible with sense ...
"What advice can I give to the young ones who come out onto the platform
with their teeth chattering from nerves? First, you must enter a competition
well prepared. And for this you must train sensibly; you must work on
yourself physically but save your nerves. It doesn't pay to get excited over
nothing while training, to show off your courage, to swagger. Save this
charge for the contest. And then be alert when you go up to the barbell . .
. And, to be frank, even I with all my experience, am sometimes very
nervous--you cant imagine ...
"I have observed that many train without sense. They do a great deal of work
for nothing. For example, Falev, an athlete on the Soviet team weighing 110
kilograms, does squats with a barbell weighing 320 kilograms. I don't use
one weighing more than 270. There is a difference of 50 kilograms in his
favor. But he jerks 220, while I jerk 256. Thus, it turns out that the
result in the classical exercise is not determined by the strength of the
legs ...
"In order to avoid noise, I used to train alone. Now, I go out among the
people. I show the youngsters the whys and wherefors. I tell them how to
polish up their technique. Naturally, this is more tiring since I also train
myself."
Usually the great champions, while they are still active, hide their methods
of training. Alexeyev is not like that. It would seem that it would not be
to his advantage to share his experiences with young heavyweights, potential
rivals, with those who are already striving to replace him. However, Vasili
doesn't refuse anyone his help.
"I can't do otherwise. What kind of team captain would I be if I watched the
methods and technical mistakes of my teammates with indifference?"
My conviction that Alexeyev's priceless experience will not be lost was
strengthened when I saw that at the end of 1976 he conducted a trial
get-together at the Podolsk sports base to train the young heavyweiahts. I
won't try to describe in depth Alexevev's method (he has written about it in
his dissertation as a science degree candidate) but I'll explain the reason
for its great effectiveness.
Usually the athletes lift barbells and then immediately drop them. This
takes several seconds. According to Alexeyev's method, the sportsman finds
himself under the weight for a period of two or three minutes. The entire
organism must sustain this prolonged effort, as the athlete completes
several consecutive exercises without letting go of the equipment. The
weight of the barbell is relatively light, but the varied work with it
affects every muscle cell.
By the end of the two-week session, all Alexeyev's students had increased
their bodyweights as a result of muscle growth and at the same time they'd
increased their abilities. Here is what Sultan Rachmanov said: "At first I
trained in mv own way. I didn't believe that Alexeyev's advice would help
me. Now I believe ... My shoulders, my back, everything is filling up with
strength. There is this to consider. Not everything will come my way, but
I'll take the most important! (At the USSR championships in Karaganda,
Rachmanov, who up until then had not been a 400 man, became the third prize
winner with the distin- guished sum of 420 kilograms. In the fall this
athlete took the USSR record in the snatch. And who is to know, perhaps he
will be the successor to the glory of the hero of the Munich and Montreal
Olympic Games!)
Each of Alexeyev's students noted that thanks to this unusual system of
working they have acquired a good amount of self-confidence in their own
strength. Yes, and I too have noticed with what incredible ease the athletes
picked up the 160-kilo barbell in the snatch at the end of the training
session.
The 1976 annual Heavy Athletics ran a detailed article which Alexeyev called
"The Experience of My Training.' In this first scientific publication of the
strongest athlete, the author refutes some unsound (although they've existed
for ten years) methodological concepts about how to develop strength in
athletes of the heavyweight class.
He writes: "In the first years I trained according to the accepted methods.
But then, from 1966, I decided to significantly increase the size of my
training weight. This immediately brought results. By the end of 1967, I had
gained 32.5 kilograms in my triple sum total and by the end of 1968--42.5
kilograms. For athletes of the superheavyweight class, the average rate of
growth had by this time significantly increased."
Vasili includes a great variety of exercises in his training. "Besides
exercises in the-· snatch, jerk, or press, pull and squats, I have used many
other exercises with the barbell and weights. Bends with the barbell on the
shoulders; bends with the barbell on the shoulders while Iving on the
'horse' bracing one's hips, with the legs secured; jumps with the barbell on
your shoulders; press on crossbars with weights; bending and unbending the
arms in the elbow joints; squats on one leg; throwing the bar upward and
behind; and other exercises. In addition, in the first year of the time span
analyzed, these exercises consisted of, on the average, 360 lifts in the
preparatory period and 158 lifts during the competition period. In the
second year, correspondingly 841 and 506 lifts, and in the third 880 lifts a
month."
And here is the conclusion that Alexevev drew at the end of his studies:
"The method of training I have used can be recommended to athletes of the
heavyweight class, and also to those sportsmen, whose bodyweight does not
correspond to the height specifications. Young athletes should not inhibit
the growth of their bodyweight. They should be more courageous about
entering their proper weight class ...
"One of the conditions for fast growth in the scores of future athletes of
heavyweight classes is the completion of large amounts of exercises with the
barbell and other weights. The problem is that beginning athletes of the
light or middle weight, in order to become first-class athletes, must
increase their muscle mass by approximately 25 percent. For heavyweights
it's 50 percent and more. The growth of the muscle mass is directly
dependent on the amount of the training loads . . .
"It is also important to note that you can achieve high scores at
competitions by decreasing to a minimum the lifting of barbells of maximum
weight in the snatch and jerk exercises, by significantly decreasing the
number of lifts of the barbell with big weights."
I don't doubt that in the near future the mining engineer Vasili Alexeyev
will successfully conclude his graduate study as a correspondence student in
the institute of physical culture and will become a graduate in pedagogical
studies.
He will probably change his qualifications because he already considers
himself outside weightlifting. He will become a coach. A good one! But for
the moment, Alexeyev is thinking about his third victory at the Olympic
Games.
I asked the champion how he was able in 18 years of training to "grow" more
than 70 kilograms of muscle?
"Earlier I didn't lift less than 20 tons. More often the daily load was 25
to 30 tons. What's more, these aren't the same tons that our 'boys' lift
today. You have to multiply their tons by two or three; that's the factor of
difficultv which I applied in my exercises. If necessarv, I would even now
be ready to lift 40 tons in one training session ...
"Besides, speaking about the physical makeup of heavyweights, some experts
feel that the ability to get high scores should be combined with the
development of a trim figure. I have departed from this quite a bit. What is
the weakest part of a person's constitution? You don't know? In my opinion,
the part of the spine at the waist. And I constantly reinforce it by growing
a 'corset' with my muscles. Yes, we superheavyweights are not too pretty to
look at, but our body makeup is expedient for picking up record barbells."
"I'll have time to work on my figure when I retire from weightlifting,"
Vasili said smiling. "For the moment, I do and will continue to do only that
which makes me stronger. I notice some talented athletes spend more time
building their muscles for the sake of form and that this muscular
development impedes their abilitv to lift maximum weights. They aren't too
concerned with their ability to defend the honor of Soviet sports abroad.
What is the sense of their beautiful figures?!"
"My task for the future is quite clear," explains Alexeyev. "It is to create
in Ryazan, where I have settled, a center for weightlifting. To get some
coaches and help them. I'll develop a method for each different age group--
from the beginning to maturity. I've tried out everything on myself ...
Maybe, I'll invite some boys with potential to Ryazan, boys who don't have
coaches or suitable condi- tions for training. I don't mean this would be to
lure them away. We are still behind in many weight classes. I would like to
work, and I have no profit motive ...
"For the time being I still want to win and set records. I love this
occupation. I respect weightlifting. It teaches you to master the art and at
the necessary moment to organize yourself. It's because I feel so 'in love'
with the barbell that I gave it the best years of my life. For me sport is
life. Hemingway put it well when he wrote: 'Sport teaches you to win
honestly. Sport teaches you to lose with dignity. In a word, sport teaches
you life'...
"There is no point in denying that for the sportsman, as for the artist,
recognition is a necessity. A good artist controls his public. The sportsman
first causes his public to be amazed, then to worry about their idol, and
finally to love him for his skill, his strength, and his courage. One wants
to startle the world with something incredible. Then they recognize you. For
this it is worth working like a dog. Especially since in our time, it
becomes more and more difficult to surprise anybody ...
"When I joined the weightlifting section, there were no sharp definitions
between the methods of training. I was not used to training mechanically and
I didn't like this. I began to think for myself, how to organize an
effective system of training. I knew from my own experience that with
stubborn effort one can do anything. I didn`t spare myself. I worked with
maximum weights, analyzed my situation, and again began training. I invented
many things myself. For example, I began to work a great deal with the
barbell in the water. I searched and experimented...and here is the result.
I made my way from 500 to 600 kilograms in three years. From then on I
wanted to be first ...
"At 28 I set my first record, having had a solid physical preparation. I
ran, jumped, played volleyball--with a first- class sports strength. At the
age of 12 I began to train with homemade barbells. They are still to be
found in my mother's yard. All of them weigh more than two tons. I didn't
think of any records. I always respected strength in people and I wanted to
have it myself. What boy doesn't want to be strong and skillful? I'm sure
there isn`t one."
"Isn't the cultivation of one's physical abilities detri- mental to the
development of the mind?" I once asked Alexeyev and showed him a quotation
from the magazine Bicyclist, which was published in Petersburg in the last
century. "To make a man an athlete and at the same time a man of learning is
simply impossible. In order to regulate the body in accordance with
physiological law it is neces- sary for the physical work to be in reverse
proportion to the intellectual work. Only in view of these circumstances,
instead of opposition, can one achieve the desired balance. . .
"There is some truth in this," agreed Vasili. "I have known from my own
experience how difficult it is to read even entertaining literature after a
hard training session. I can never sit too long in one place. It's torture
for me. I absolutely must move. Therefore it`s not easy for us to study. And
yet all Soviet athletes get a higher education. But they lay certain claims
on us. Some would like to see the big sportsman as a well-rounded
intellectual. But this doesn't happen in reality. Take any scholar, dig a
bit and you will find that in many things he is an ignoramous."
"Do you think about leaving sports?"
"I clearly understand that I won't be around forever. But I still have the
desire to compete and compete. Even though I soon will be 36 and age in
sports is critical. I have outlasted and I think I will still outlast some
of the younger 'old men' who don't know how to compete. I've outlived
Patera, Dube, Reding, and Mang..."
"Our youth is now'coming up' "
"Whom do you have in mind?"
"Enaldiev, Rachmanov . . . "
"What kind of youth is this--they are about 30. It's me who is young and
coming up. But you can't make comparisons with me. I am no worse now than I
was in 1970 when I was 28 years old."
"And yet is there a reason to remain on the competing platform? After all,
your remaining in sports keeps you from making progress in the industrial
field."
"Sometimes I worry about this. When I was just a Master of Sports, they
offered me a choice--rather, thev advised me to 'drop' the barbells because
my absences from work (while at the contests) interfered with my job. At the
factory I worked with zeal and at the Kotlas paper works they appreciated
me. They wanted me to become a technical expert. But I wanted to achieve
great things in sports and I refused the tempting offer. I found work which
allowed me to spend more time with the barbells. I was not wrong in my
choice. I don't regret anything. Even though, of course, I've missed some
things. I imagine that if I had not gotten so passionately involved in
sports, I might have had more success at the factory where they also
appreciated me. My principle is to work honestly.''
It is difficult to approach Alexeyev. But in rare mo- ments of frankness,
it's a real pleasure to chat with him and listen to him. He has a tendency
to be too stern and at times he is somewhat unfair to our friend the
journalist. But it seems he can't be any other way.
Once a famous pilot and hero of the Soviet Union, Georgi Mosolov, talking
about heroic deeds, wrote: "The strength of the muscles, as if blending with
the strength of the will, makes for a third strength, the strength that
helps sportsmen set phenomenal world records. That is the very strength
people find in themselves, people who have crossed a limit that until then
had been considered impossible."
The Russian giant has passed that boundary 80 times! Sometimes he fought for
victory (in spite of himself) and won. In these moments Vasili Alexeyev was
saved by the main component--the third strength--the indomitable will.
