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Dear friend and fellow athlete,
Meet poor Billy. Billy stands over 6 feet tall and weighs around 270 pounds. Billy was born a healthy, normal man - good looking, good genetics, naturally strong. But now, when he's not working the talk show circuit, Billy has an exciting career as an exotic dancer. Some guys just love watching poor Billy shake and shimmy his double D's. How did Billy grow breasts like the guy in Fight Club with the huge knockers? Our friend Billy used anabolic steroids without anti-estrogens.
Monday's article, the Anti-Estrogens Report Card, was so popular that some of you asked to hear Billy's story all over again. So here it is... To understand what happened to poor Billy, in this issue of EliteFitness.com News, we'll examine estrogen and its relationship to male use of anabolic steroids - brought to you by EliteFitness.com and my friend Grendel from Anabolic Extreme.
Also in this week's EFN, we'll look at drugs you can use to annihilate
estrogen in a blinding burst of anabolic goodness! Read on, unless of
course you actually want a career in the exotic dancing arts like our
friend Billy.
Why Billy Has Breasts: The Story of Estrogen
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Before we begin to talk about all the great benefits of anabolic steroids
I think it is important to take a moment to talk about side effects and
how to prevent them. The biggest source of steroid related side effects
comes from the impact anabolic steroids have on your body's production
of estrogen. So, here is a quick biochemical over-view of estrogen.
Estrogens regulate the growth, differentiation, and functioning of diverse
target tissues, both within and outside of the reproductive system. Most of
the actions of estrogens appear to be exerted via the estrogen receptor (ER)
of target cells, an intracellular receptor that is a member of a large super
family of proteins that function as ligand-activated transcription factors,
regulating the synthesis of specific RNAs and proteins. This process is almost
identical to the action by which anabolic steroids affect protein synthesis.
Estrogen is also a steroid hormone, although not used for athletic enhancement.
However, estrogen plays a key role in the use of AAS. Certain steroids, at high
enough dosages, can convert via the enzyme aromatase into other hormones; in
the case of testosterone-based steroids this other hormone is usually estrogen.
Steroids with a dihydrotestosterone (DHT) base are not subject to aromatization;
as a metabolite of testosterone its structure is not affected by the aromatase.
Steroids with 17-alkylated structures generally convert into weaker estrogens.
Some steroids, such as nandrolone (deca-durabolin) or trenbolone (parabolan,
or in most people's cases Finaplex) convert into progesterone.
High dosages of steroids for prolonged periods also shut down the body's
natural production of certain hormones (particularly testosterone) when
steroid therapy is stopped the body attempts to establish homeostasis
by adjusting hormonal levels. The average ratio of testosterone to estrogen
in a healthy male is 100:1. When drugs increase the testosterone in the
body, the body will respond by increasing the estrogen in the body. Additionally,
estrogen circulates in the body bound to the protein SHBG (sex hormone
binding globulin) as does the testosterone. SHBG is produced in the liver
and use of steroids increases the production of this protein; which has
a very high receptor affinity for testosterone. With more SHBG in the
body, more testosterone is bound, becoming inactive as only free testosterone
can activate an androgen receptor. SHBG, however, has poorer receptor
affinity for estrogen and more active free estrogen circulates in the
body, further altering the hormonal balance. These effects of steroids
(i.e. the potential for conversion into estrogen, as well as the disruption
of the hormonal balance in the body) can cause serious side effects in
male users. Thus, steroid users seek ways to block this estrogen from
affecting them.
That is all a very nice and formal way of saying that you need to be taking
anti-estrogens when you are using steroids. See, without the anti-estrogens
you get all sorts of pleasant side effects, not limited to a nice pair of breasts
(with oh -so tender nipples) and extra body fat! Without anti-estrogens you
will end up like poor Billy, shaking his titties in the face of wealthy Japanese
businessmen. No, seriously, this chapter will explore how to effectively use
anti-estrogens to prevent many of the side effects that accompany anabolic
steroid usage.
The Drugs Are Your Friends
Oral clomiphene citrate (Clomid) is an ovulation stimulant used to treat ovulatory
failure in women. Oral tamoxifen citrate (Nolvadex) belongs to a class of antineoplastics
called antiestrogens. It is used to treat breast cancer. Body builders use
both of these drugs. Why on earth would they do that?
The answer is that both of these drugs are anti-estrogens. The term anti-estrogen
is a little inaccurate. This class of pharmaceutical does not engage in some
sort of matter/anti-matter reaction, annihilating estrogen in a blinding burst
of anabolic goodness. Rather, let us think of the classical anti-estrogen drugs
(such as nolvadex and clomid) as estrogen receptor antagonists (ERA). These
ERAs are chemicals that are close enough in structure to estrogen to fit into
the estrogen receptor site; however these chemicals do not have the same chemical
effect as estrogen. The result is that any estrogen produced by the body or
exogenous estrogen cannot find an open receptor site to attach to. The free-floating
estrogen then presents far less problems to homeostasis.
There is a lot of conflict over using nolvadex, clomid and other ERAs. The
regulation of estrogen-induced cellular effects is a multi-step molecular process.
The diversity of estrogen and anti-estrogen effects on cellular functions is
also modulated by tissue and gene specificity. This diversity of reaction may
be explained by different levels of molecular regulation, including the presence
of two distinct estrogen receptor isoforms (ER alpha and ER beta), their binding
to activator or co-repressor transcriptional proteins, and their affinity to
different DNA binding domains of target genes (estrogen responsive element
or API). These mechanisms may account for the specific responses to estrogens
or anti-estrogens according to tissue, cell or gene level.
Therefore, in English, a drug like nolvadex, which targets breast tissues,
is going to do a better job of preventing gynocomastia than is clomid. However
clomid has the benefit of boosting the levels of follicle stimulating hormone,
which helps restore the bodies natural testosterone levels and protects against
testicular atrophy.
Many people stop using their ERA drugs when they end the cycle. That is a terrible
idea. Clomid, as we have already discussed, helps immensely with your recovery
processes. But remember, there is almost always an estrogen backlash to having
been using testosterone drugs for so long. Therefore, many symptoms of high
estrogen levels appear after the cycle. I would continue to use both Clomid
and Nolvadex for up to 3 weeks after the last of the drugs have left your body.
Remember, if on Friday you take 500 mg of a longer acting drug like Sustanon,
then don't consider the following few weeks as truly off time. That is why
it is important to know how long the drugs are effective in your body and yet
another reason to switch to faster acting drugs in the last few weeks of a
cycle.
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Effective dosages of these two drugs are debated. I would recommend that
the two drugs be used together, Nolvadex at 20 mg per day, and clomid at
50 mg per day. If Nolvadex is used by itself, 20-40 mg are sufficient. 50-100
mg of clomid can be used if clomid is the only ERA drug. Clomid should be
used for two weeks after the last steroid injection to help return your body
to its natural hormonal state. Nolvadex and Clomid are mildly expensive,
but very available because they are not scheduled drugs and can be legally
imported.
There is a second class of drug used to combat estrogen side effects from
what is grandly called steroid therapy; there are aromatase inhibitors.
As mentioned previously in this chapter, the body can convert testosterone
into estrogen using the enzyme aromatase. This second group of drugs, which
I will call the inhibitors, prevents this process from occurring at all.
This class of medication is generally only prescribed for severe conditions
and is generally more expensive then any of the ERA.
Teslac, (testolactone), has fallen out of favor for several reasons. First
of all, almost one gram daily is needed to achieve sufficient estrogen
synthesis inhibition. This makes this a very expensive drug to use. Also,
it is currently a scheduled drug because it is a testosterone derivate.
Cytadren (aminoglutethimide) is a better choice, requiring dosages of between
250-500 mg per day to suppress estrogen synthesis. 250mg cytadren doesn't
cause significant desmolase inhibition, so there would still be cortisol
and other steroids, while estrogen is minimized! Cytadren is used therapeutically
to combat Cushing's syndrome because it also interferes with the body's
ability to synthesis cortisol. Sounds like fun, huh ... no cortisol, no
estrogen. What a fantastic environment. Tell that to Andreas Munzer! Cytadren
can cause cysts as well as effect things like blood clotting. It is reported
that Munzer used 1-2g(!) of cytadren/day! Therefore cytadren use should
be done with precision.
Arimidex (anastrozole) is a drug designed to combat second stage breast
cancer. It is an extremely potent drug; one pill per day is sufficient
to almost entirely inhibit estrogen in the body. However, the draw back
is that this one pill per day can cost you around ten dollars.
The final conclusion about inhibitors is that these are far more
powerful drugs then the ERA. All the drugs listed above effect a
much wider hormonal spread then the anti-estrogens and they are also
going to cost you a lot more. Of all the drugs mentioned, I think
that arimidex is the most useful drug for the body builder. Duchaine
helped promote cytadren, particularly because of its anti-catabolic
ability to suppress cortisol. But, even he acknowledged the double-edged
sword that this drug was. Too little cortisol is painful to the joints
and in the end, extremely dangerous. I would not recommend the use
of cytadren, but I have provided the moderate dosage schemes. The bottom
line: These are not drugs to pop like M&Ms.
The Argument Against Our Little Friends
But these drugs decrease your gains right? Damn it. I hate hearing that
phrase clutched to... you guessed it... peoples' breast like a mantra.
First of all, there is no way of telling what your gains would have been
like without nolvadex or clomid. The scientific evidence that gave rise
to this whole dispute (which I believe Duchaine had a hand in too) is that
in addition to its anti-estrogenic action requiring estrogen receptors
(ER) and leading to growth arrest of breast cancers, studies have previously
shown that the anti-hormone tamoxifen (nolvadex) is able to block EGF,
insulin and IGF-I mitogenic activities in total absence of estrogens. Thus
the excessive use of anti-estrogens will actually result in a loss of some
of the most anabolic of hormones (insulin and insulin-like growth factor
1). Steroid antagonists can inhibit not only the action of agonist ligands
of the receptors they are binding to, but can also modulate the action
of growth factors by decreasing their receptor concentrations or altering
their functionality.
Translation: Yes, you are probably compromising your anabolic state
by using ERA. But does that mean they shouldn't be used? No. I have
heard statements so ridiculous as "Don't use anti-estrogens, they cut into
your gains and cost too much. Just get surgery". Lovely, just fucking brilliant.
Sure, like surgery isn't going to cut into your workouts or your gains.
Anti-Estrogens
Lets consider the top drugs used to combat the estrogen based side effects
of anabolic steroids.
Clomid
Taken daily during a cycle as an anti-estrogen, dosages range between 50-100
mg per day if used exclusively. If combined with Nolvadex, 50 mg per day is
sufficient. For more information on this drug, see the chapter entitled Some
Specific Drugs Considered.
Nolvadex
If used alone then 20-40 mg are needed. Some athletes, because of evidence
that it negatively impacts various growth factors in the body, dislike this
drug. If combined with clomid, 10-20 mg are sufficient. For more information
on this drug, see the chapter entitled Some Specific Drugs Considered.
Proviron
This drug binds to androgen receptors but is also helps prevent excess testosterone
from converting into estrogen. I consider this effective when stacked with
either clomid or nolvadex. 1 pill will do if combined with either 50 mg of
clomid or 20 mg or nolvadex. On its own, I suggest at least 2 pills.
Arimidex
This is a very potent drug that prevents the body from converting testosterone
into estrogen. The drawback is that is very expensive. The minimum effective
dosage is around between a quarter and a half of a milligram/day. This drug
does not need to be combined with any other during the cycle; however I recommend
you begin using arimidex two weeks prior to commencing your cycle so that the
drug can effectively eliminate the enzyme that permits conversion of testosterone
to estrogen. Clomid is still useful in the post cycle period. For more information
on this drug, see the chapter entitled Some Specific Drugs Considered.
Remember, anti-estrogens are not scheduled. It is perfectly legal to import them and there are many online resources that do this with accuracy and reliability. Don't gamble with this aspect of your health and don't start until you have all that you need to cover yourself throughout the whole cycle. There is no excuse for not having plenty of clomid and nolvadex on hand.
So, back to our fiend Billy. If he had only taken a few simple precautions, he would not find himself in the predicament he is in now. What has Billy been up to lately? Well, when last I heard from him, he was working at the Hooters - and not in the kitchen I might add.
Yours in sport,
George Spellwin
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